d.linegraph(1grass) GRASS GIS User's Manual d.linegraph(1grass)
NAME
d.linegraph - Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active
graphics monitor display frame.
KEYWORDS
display, cartography
SYNOPSIS
d.linegraph
d.linegraph --help
d.linegraph [-xysl] x_file=string y_file=string[,string,...] [direc-
tory=string] [y_color=string[,string,...]] [color_table=style]
[width=integer[,integer,...]] [title_color=string] [x_title=string]
[y_title=string] [title=string] [y_range=min,max]
[y_tics=float[,float,...]] [x_scale=float] [y_scale=float]
[icon=string] [point_size=float] [secondary_color=name] [sec-
ondary_width=float[,float,...]] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet]
[--ui]
Flags:
-x
Scale only X labels, not values
-y
Scale only Y labels, not values
-s
Draw points
-l
Do not draw lines
--help
Print usage summary
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output
--ui
Force launching GUI dialog
Parameters:
x_file=string [required]
Name of data file for X axis of graph
y_file=string[,string,...] [required]
Name of data file(s) for Y axis of graph
directory=string
Path to files
Path to the directory where the input files are located
y_color=string[,string,...]
Color for Y data
color_table=style
Name of color table
Options: aspect, aspectcolr, bcyr, bgyr, blues, byg, byr, celsius,
corine, curvature, differences, elevation, etopo2, evi, fahrenheit,
forest_cover, gdd, grass, greens, grey, grey.eq, grey.log, grey1.0,
grey255, gyr, haxby, inferno, kelvin, magma, ndvi, ndwi, nlcd, or-
anges, plasma, population, population_dens, precipitation, precipi-
tation_daily, precipitation_monthly, rainbow, ramp, random, reds,
roygbiv, rstcurv, ryb, ryg, sepia, slope, soilmoisture, srtm,
srtm_plus, terrain, viridis, water, wave
aspect: aspect oriented grey colors [range: map values]
aspectcolr: aspect oriented rainbow colors [range: 0 to 360]
bcyr: blue through cyan through yellow to red [range: map values]
bgyr: blue through green through yellow to red [range: map values]
blues: white to blue [range: map values]
byg: blue through yellow to green [range: map values]
byr: blue through yellow to red [range: map values]
celsius: blue to red for degree Celsius temperature [range: -80 to
80]
corine: EU Corine land cover colors [range: 111 to 995]
curvature: for terrain curvatures (from v.surf.rst and r.slope.as-
pect) [range: map values]
differences: differences oriented colors [range: map values]
elevation: maps relative ranges of raster values to elevation
color ramp [range: map values]
etopo2: colors for ETOPO2 worldwide bathymetry/topography [range:
-11000 to 8850]
evi: enhanced vegetative index colors [range: -1 to 1]
fahrenheit: blue to red for Fahrenheit temperature [range: -112 to
176]
forest_cover: percentage of forest cover [range: 0 to 100]
gdd: accumulated growing degree days [range: 0 to 6000]
grass: GRASS GIS green (perceptually uniform) [range: map values]
greens: white to green [range: map values]
grey: grey scale [range: map values]
grey.eq: histogram-equalized grey scale [range: map values]
grey.log: histogram logarithmic transformed grey scale [range: map
values]
grey1.0: grey scale for raster values between 0.0-1.0 [range: 0 to
1]
grey255: grey scale for raster values between 0-255 [range: 0 to
255]
gyr: green through yellow to red [range: map values]
haxby: relative colors for bathymetry or topography [range: map
values]
inferno: perceptually uniform sequential color table inferno
[range: map values]
kelvin: blue to red for temperature in Kelvin scale [range: 193.15
to 353.15]
magma: perceptually uniform sequential color table magma [range:
map values]
ndvi: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index colors [range: -1 to
1]
ndwi: Normalized Difference Water Index colors [range: -200 to
200]
nlcd: US National Land Cover Dataset colors [range: 0 to 95]
oranges: white to orange [range: map values]
plasma: perceptually uniform sequential color table plasma [range:
map values]
population: color table covering human population classification
breaks [range: 0 to 2e+09]
population_dens: color table covering human population density
classification breaks [range: 0 to 1e+09]
precipitation: precipitation color table (0..2000mm) [range: 0 to
7000]
precipitation_daily: precipitation color table (0..1000mm) [range:
0 to 10000]
precipitation_monthly: precipitation color table (0..1000mm)
[range: 0 to 1000]
rainbow: rainbow color table [range: map values]
ramp: color ramp [range: map values]
random: random color table [range: map values]
reds: white to red [range: map values]
roygbiv: [range: map values]
rstcurv: terrain curvature (from r.resamp.rst) [range: map values]
ryb: red through yellow to blue [range: map values]
ryg: red through yellow to green [range: map values]
sepia: yellowish-brown through to white [range: map values]
slope: r.slope.aspect-type slope colors for raster values 0-90
[range: 0 to 90]
soilmoisture: soilmoisture color table (0.0-1.0) [range: 0 to 1]
srtm: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation
[range: -11000 to 8850]
srtm_plus: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ele-
vation (with seafloor colors) [range: -11000 to 8850]
terrain: global elevation color table covering -11000 to +8850m
[range: -11000 to 8850]
viridis: perceptually uniform sequential color table viridis
[range: map values]
water: water depth [range: map values]
wave: color wave [range: map values]
width=integer[,integer,...]
Width of the lines
title_color=string
Color for axis, tics, numbers, and title
Default: black
x_title=string
Title for X data
Default:
y_title=string
Title for Y data
Default:
title=string
Title for Graph
Default:
y_range=min,max
Minimum and maximun value for Y axis (min,max)
y_tics=float[,float,...]
Tic values for the Y axis
x_scale=float
Scale for X values
y_scale=float
Scale for Y values
icon=string
Symbol for point
Options: basic/arrow, basic/arrow1, basic/arrow2, basic/arrow3, ba-
sic/box, basic/circle, basic/cross1, basic/cross2, basic/cross3,
basic/diamond, basic/hexagon, basic/marker, basic/octagon, ba-
sic/pin, basic/pin_dot, basic/point, basic/pushpin, basic/star, ba-
sic/triangle, basic/x, demo/muchomurka, demo/smrk, extra/4pt_star,
extra/adcp, extra/airport, extra/alpha_flag, extra/bridge, ex-
tra/dim_arrow, extra/dive_flag, extra/fiducial, extra/fish, ex-
tra/half-box, extra/half-circle, extra/offbox_ne, extra/offbox_nw,
extra/offbox_se, extra/offbox_sw, extra/pentagon, extra/ping, ex-
tra/ring, extra/simple_zia, extra/target, geology/circle_cross, ge-
ology/half-arrow_left, geology/half-arrow_right, geol-
ogy/strike_box, geology/strike_circle, geology/strike_cleavage, ge-
ology/strike_half-bowtie, geology/strike_line, geology/strike_par-
allel, geology/strike_triangle, legend/area, legend/area_curved,
legend/line, legend/line_crooked, n_arrows/basic_compass, n_ar-
rows/fancy_compass, n_arrows/n_arrow1a, n_arrows/n_arrow1b, n_ar-
rows/n_arrow2, n_arrows/n_arrow3, n_arrows/n_arrow4, n_arrows/n_ar-
row5, n_arrows/n_arrow6, n_arrows/n_arrow7a, n_arrows/n_arrow7b,
n_arrows/n_arrow8a, n_arrows/n_arrow8b, n_arrows/n_arrow9
Default: basic/circle
point_size=float
Point size
Default: 5
secondary_color=name
Color
Color for point symbol edge color
Default: black
secondary_width=float[,float,...]
Width of point symbol lines
Default: 0.1
DESCRIPTION
d.linegraph is a module to draw simple x,y line graphs (plots) based on
numerical data contained in separate files.
Data format
The X and Y data files for the graph are essentially a column of num-
bers in each file, with one input number per line. The program expects
that each X value will have a corresponding Y value, therefore the num-
ber of lines in each data input file should be the same. Essentially,
the X data becomes the X axis reference to which the Y data is plotted
as a line. Therefore, the X data should be a monotonically increasing
progression of numbers (i.e. "1,2,3,..."; "0, 10, 100, 1000,...";
"...-5,-1,0,1,5..."). If multiple Y data files are used, the Y axis
scale will be based on the range of minimum and maximum values from all
Y files, then all Y data given will be graphed according to that Y
scale. Therefore, if multiple Y data inputs are used with dissimilar
units, the graph produced comparing the two will be deceptive.
File inputs
If the directory option is provided, the paths to files can (and
should) be only relative paths to these files. While this is not recom-
mended for scripting, it can be advantageous when typing the paths man-
ually. For example when all files are stored in the directory
/home/john/data, the user can provide the following in the command
line:
d.linegraph directory=/home/john/data x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
Managing colors
The user can specify the y_color option, the color_table option or just
leave the defaults to influence the color of the plotted lines.
Colors specified by y_color option are used for drawing the lines in
the graph. If multiple Y data files are used, an equal number of colors
may be used to control the colors of the lines. Colors will be assigned
to Y data in respect to the sequence of instantiation on the command
line. It can be one of GRASS GIS named colors or the RGB values from
0-255 separated by colons (RRR:GGG:BBB).
Alternatively, the user can use the color_table option to specify one
of the GRASS GIS predefined color tables.
By default, a series of colors will be chosen by the module if none are
provided upon invocation. The order of default colors is red, green,
violet, blue, orange, gray, brown, magenta, white, and indigo. The user
is advised not to rely on the order of default colors but to either use
the y_color or the color_table option to obtain predictable and repro-
ducible results.
The color to be used for titles, axis lines, tics, and scale numbers is
determined by the title_color option. The user can provide one of the
GRASS GIS named colors (such as gray, white, or black) or use the GRASS
GIS colon-separated format for RGB (RRR:GGG:BBB).
Titles, labels, and tics
The title option specifies the text for the title of the graph. It
will be centered over the top of graph. The x_title option is a text
to describe data for X axis. It will be centered beneath the graph. De-
fault is no text unless there is a need for a unit descriptor deter-
mined by the d.linegraph module, then string such as "in hundreds" is
generated. The y_title option is a text to describe data for Y axis.
It will be centered beneath the X data description. Similarly, to the
x_title option, default is no text unless there is a need for an
auto-generated description. In the case of graphs with multiple lines
(multiple inputs for Y axis), user may wish to use more specific text
placement using the d.text or v.label programs.
NOTES
For historical reasons, the d.linegraph module accepts titles of more
than one word where the underscore character ("_") is used to represent
spaces (" "). For example "Census_data_1990" would be printed over the
graph as "Census data 1990". The use of underscores is not necessary to
use as long as the parameter is quoted in the command line. In gen-
eral, use of underscores is not recommended and there is no need to use
it at all in the GUI or when using d.linegraph in Python scripts.
The way the program locates and labels tic marks is less than perfect:
1) although distances between Y tics are proportional to the value,
they are not proportional on the X axis;
2) decimal values between -1 and 1 can be printed on the X axis, but
not on Y. (With respect to the later, the input for Y values can all be
multiplied by a factor of 10 before graphing).
Depending on the user’s needs, it might be easier or more appropriate
to use a 3rd party tool such as xgraph, gnuplot, Matplotlib in Python,
or R instead of d.linegraph. For a more general solution for plotting
in GRASS GIS, the user is advised to use the d.graph module.
EXAMPLE
The following can be executed in Bash to create the input data for this
example. The user can just create these files in a text editor, save
them and specify path to them.
cat > x.txt <<EOF
1
3
4
6
9
EOF
cat > y1.txt <<EOF
50
58
65
34
27
EOF
cat > y2.txt <<EOF
10
20
35
50
45
EOF
The next command sequence creates a file plot.png in the current direc-
tory which is the drawing made by d.linegraph.
d.mon start=cairo output=plot.png width=400 height=400
d.linegraph x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
d.mon stop=cairo
SEE ALSO
d.frame, d.text, v.label, d.graph, d.histogram
AUTHOR
Chris Rewerts, Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University
SOURCE CODE
Available at: d.linegraph source code (history)
Accessed: unknown
Main index | Display index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical
index | Full index
© 2003-2022 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.7 Reference Manual
GRASS 7.8.7 d.linegraph(1grass)
Generated by dwww version 1.14 on Sun Dec 29 19:32:58 CET 2024.