Data::Printer(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Data::Printer(3pm)
NAME
Data::Printer - colored & full-featured pretty print of Perl data
structures and objects
SYNOPSIS
Want to see what's inside a variable in a complete, colored and human-
friendly way?
use DDP; # same as 'use Data::Printer'
p $some_var;
p $some_var, as => "This label will be printed too!";
# no need to use '\' before arrays or hashes!
p @array;
p %hash;
# for anonymous array/hash references, use postderef (on perl 5.24 or later):
p [ $one, $two, $three ]->@*;
p { foo => $foo, bar => $bar }->%*;
# or deref the anonymous ref:
p @{[ $one, $two, $three ]};
p %{{ foo => $foo, bar => $bar }};
# or put '&' in front of the call:
&p( [ $one, $two, $three ] );
&p( { foo => $foo, bar => $bar } );
The snippets above will print the contents of the chosen variables to
STDERR on your terminal, with colors and a few extra features to help
you debug your code.
If you wish to grab the output and handle it yourself, call "np()":
my $dump = np $var;
die "this is what happened: " . np %data;
The "np()" function is the same as "p()" but will return the string
containing the dump. By default it has no colors, but you can change
that easily too.
That's pretty much it :)
Data::Printer is fully customizable, even on a per-module basis! Once
you figure out your own preferences, create a .dataprinter
configuration file for yourself (or one for each project) and
Data::Printer will automatically use it!
FEATURES
Here's what Data::Printer offers Perl developers, out of the box:
• Variable dumps designed for easy parsing by the human brain, not a
machine.
• Highly customizable, from indentation size to depth level. You can
even rename the exported "p()" function!
• Beautiful (and customizable) colors to highlight variable dumps and
make issues stand-out quickly on your console. Comes bundled with
several themes for you to pick that work on light and dark terminal
backgrounds, and you can create your own as well.
• Filters for specific data structures and objects to make debugging
much, much easier. Includes filters for many popular classes from
CPAN like JSON::*, URI, HTTP::*, LWP, Digest::*, DBI and
DBIx::Class. printing what really matters to developers debugging
code. It also lets you create your own custom filters easily.
• Lets you inspect information that's otherwise difficult to
find/debug in Perl 5, like circular references, reference counting
(refcount), weak/read-only information, overloaded operators,
tainted data, ties, dual vars, even estimated data size - all to
help you spot issues with your data like leaks without having to
know a lot about internal data structures or install hardcore tools
like Devel::Peek and Devel::Gladiator.
• keep your custom settings on a .dataprinter file that allows
different options per module being analyzed! You may also create a
custom profile class with your preferences and filters and upload
it to CPAN.
• output to many different targets like files, variables or open
handles (defaults to STDERR). You can send your dumps to the screen
or anywhere else, and customize this setting on a per-project or
even per-module basis, like print everything from Some::Module to a
debug.log file with extra info, and everything else to STDERR.
• Easy to learn, easy to master. Seriously, the synopsis above and
the customization section below cover about 90% of all use cases.
• Works on Perl 5.8 and later. Because you can't control where you
debug, we try our best to be compatible with all versions of Perl
5.
• Best of all? All that with No non-core dependencies, Zero. Nada. So
don't worry about adding extra weight to your project, as
Data::Printer can be easily added/removed.
DESCRIPTION
The ever-popular Data::Dumper is a fantastic tool, meant to stringify
data structures in a way they are suitable for being "eval"'ed back in.
The thing is, a lot of people keep using it (and similar ones, like
Data::Dump) to print data structures and objects on screen for
inspection and debugging, and while you can use those modules for that,
it doesn't mean you should.
This is where Data::Printer comes in. It is meant to do one thing and
one thing only:
format Perl variables and objects to be inspected by a human
If you want to serialize/store/restore Perl data structures, this
module will NOT help you. Try Storable, Data::Dumper, JSON, or
whatever. CPAN is full of such solutions!
Whenever you type "use Data::Printer" or "use DDP", we export two
functions to your namespace:
p()
This function pretty-prints the contents of whatever variable to STDERR
(by default), and will use colors by default if your terminal supports
it.
p @some_array;
p %some_hash;
p $scalar_or_ref;
Note that anonymous structures will only work if you postderef them:
p [$foo, $bar, $baz]->@*;
you may also deref it manually:
p %{{ foo => $foo }};
or prefix "p()" with "&":
&p( [$foo, $bar, $baz] ); # & (note mandatory parenthesis)
You can pass custom options that will work only on that particular
call:
p @var, as => "some label", colorized => 0;
p %var, show_memsize => 1;
By default, "p()" prints to STDERR and returns the same variable being
dumped. This lets you quickly wrap variables with "p()" without
worrying about changing return values. It means that if you change
this:
sub foo { my $x = shift + 13; $x }
to this:
sub foo { my $x = shift + 13; p($x) }
The function will still return $x after printing the contents. This
form of handling data even allows method chaining, so if you want to
inspect what's going on in the middle of this:
$object->foo->bar->baz;
You can just add "DDP::p" anywhere:
$object->foo->DDP::p->bar->baz; # what happens to $object after ->foo?
Check out the customization quick reference section below for all
available options, including changing the return type, output target
and a lot more.
np()
The "np()" function behaves exactly like "p()" except it always returns
the string containing the dump (thus ignoring any setting regarding
dump mode or destination), and contains no colors by default. In fact,
the only way to force a colored "np()" is to pass "colored => 1" as an
argument to each call. It is meant to provide an easy way to fetch the
dump and send it to some unsupported target, or appended to some other
text (like part of a log message).
CUSTOMIZATION
There are 3 possible ways to customize Data::Printer:
1. [RECOMMENDED] Creating a ".dataprinter" file either on your home
directory or your project's base directory, or both, or wherever you
set the "DATAPRINTERRC" environment variable to.
2. Setting custom properties on module load. This will override any
setting from your config file on the namespace (package/module) it was
called:
use DDP max_depth => 2, deparse => 1;
3. Setting custom properties on the actual call to "p()" or "np()".
This overrides all other settings:
p $var, show_tainted => 1, indent => 2;
The .dataprinter configuration file
The most powerful way to customize Data::Printer is to have a
".dataprinter" file in your home directory or your project's root
directory. The format is super simple and can be understood in the
example below:
# global settings (note that only full line comments are accepted)
max_depth = 1
theme = Monokai
class.stringify = 0
# use quotes if you want spaces to be significant:
hash_separator = " => "
# You can set rules that apply only to a specific
# caller module (in this case, MyApp::Some::Module):
[MyApp::Some::Module]
max_depth = 2
class.expand = 0
escape_chars = nonlatin1
[MyApp::Other::Module]
multiline = 0
output = /var/log/myapp/debug.data
Note that if you set custom properties as arguments to "p()" or "np()",
you should group suboptions as a hashref. So while the ".dataprinter"
file has ""class.expand = 0"" and ""class.inherited = none"", the
equivalent code is ""class => { expand => 0, inherited => 'none' }"".
Properties Quick Reference
Below are (almost) all available properties and their (hopefully sane)
default values. See Data::Printer::Object for further information on
each of them:
# scalar options
show_tainted = 1
show_unicode = 1
show_lvalue = 1
print_escapes = 0
scalar_quotes = "
escape_chars = none
string_max = 4096
string_preserve = begin
string_overflow = '(...skipping __SKIPPED__ chars...)'
unicode_charnames = 0
# array options
array_max = 100
array_preserve = begin
array_overflow = '(...skipping __SKIPPED__ items...)'
index = 1
# hash options
hash_max = 100
hash_preserve = begin
hash_overflow = '(...skipping __SKIPPED__ keys...)'
hash_separator = ' '
align_hash = 1
sort_keys = 1
quote_keys = auto
# general options
name = var
return_value = pass
output = stderr
use_prototypes = 1
indent = 4
show_readonly = 1
show_tied = 1
show_dualvar = lax
show_weak = 1
show_refcount = 0
show_memsize = 0
memsize_unit = auto
separator = ,
end_separator = 0
caller_info = 0
caller_message = 'Printing in line __LINE__ of __FILENAME__'
max_depth = 0
deparse = 0
alias = p
warnings = 1
# colorization (see Colors & Themes below)
colored = auto
theme = Material
# object output
class_method = _data_printer
class.parents = 1
class.linear_isa = auto
class.universal = 1
class.expand = 1
class.stringify = 1
class.show_reftype = 0
class.show_overloads = 1
class.show_methods = all
class.sort_methods = 1
class.inherited = none
class.format_inheritance = string
class.parent_filters = 1
class.internals = 1
Settings' shortcuts
• as - prints a string before the dump. So:
p $some_var, as => 'here!';
is a shortcut to:
p $some_var, caller_info => 1, caller_message => 'here!';
• multiline - lets you create shorter dumps. By setting it to 0, we
use a single space as linebreak and disable the array index.
Setting it to 1 (the default) goes back to using "\n" as linebreak
and restore whatever array index you had originally.
• fulldump - when set to 1, disables all max string/hash/array
values. Use this to generate complete (full) dumps of all your
content, which is trimmed by default.
Colors & Themes
Data::Printer lets you set custom colors for pretty much every part of
the content being printed. For example, if you want numbers to be shown
in bright green, just put "colors.number = #00ff00" on your
configuration file.
See Data::Printer::Theme for the full list of labels, ways to represent
and customize colors, and even how to group them in your own custom
theme.
The colorization is set by the "colored" property. It can be set to 0
(never colorize), 1 (always colorize) or 'auto' (the default), which
will colorize "p()" only when there is no "ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED"
environment variable, the output is going to the terminal (STDOUT or
STDERR) and your terminal actually supports colors.
Profiles
You may bundle your settings and filters into a profile module. It
works like a configuration file but gives you the power and flexibility
to use Perl code to find out what to print and how to print. It also
lets you use CPAN to store your preferred settings and install them
into your projects just like a regular dependency.
use DDP profile => 'ProfileName';
See Data::Printer::Profile for all the ways to load a profile, a list
of available profiles and how to make one yourself.
Filters
Data::Printer works by passing your variable to a different set of
filters, depending on whether it's a scalar, a hash, an array, an
object, etc. It comes bundled with filters for all native data types
(always enabled, but overwritable), including a generic object filter
that pretty-prints regular and Moo(se) objects and is even aware of
Role::Tiny.
Data::Printer also comes with filter bundles that can be quickly
activated to make it easier to debug binary data and many popular CPAN
modules that handle date and time, databases (yes, even DBIx::Class),
message digests like MD5 and SHA1, and JSON and Web content like HTTP
requests and responses.
So much so we recommend everyone to activate all bundled filters by
putting the following line on your ".dataprinter" file:
filters = ContentType, DateTime, DB, Digest, Web
Creating your custom filters is very easy, and you're encouraged to
upload them to CPAN. There are many options available under the
"Data::Printer::Filter::*" namespace. Check Data::Printer::Filter for
more information!
Making your classes DDP-aware (without adding any dependencies!)
The default object filter will first check if the class implements a
sub called '"_data_printer()"' (or whatever you set the "class_method"
option to in your settings). If so, Data::Printer will use it to get
the string to print instead of making a regular class dump.
This means you could have the following in one of your classes:
sub _data_printer {
my ($self, $ddp) = @_;
return 'Hey, no peeking! But foo contains ' . $self->foo;
}
Notice that you can do this without adding Data::Printer as a
dependency to your project! Just write your sub and it will be called
with the object to be printed and a $ddp object ready for you. See
Data::Printer::Object for how to use it to pretty-print your data.
Finally, if your object implements string overload or provides a method
called "to_string", "as_string" or "stringify", Data::Printer will use
it. To disable this behaviour, set "class.stringify = 0" on your
".dataprinter" file, or call p() with "class => { stringify => 0 }".
Loading a filter for that particular class will of course override
these settings.
CAVEATS
You can't pass more than one variable at a time.
p $foo, $bar; # wrong
p $foo; p $bar; # right
You can't use it in variable declarations (it will most likely not do
what you want):
p my @array = qw(a b c d); # wrong
my @array = qw(a b c d); p @array; # right
If you pass a nonexistant key/index to DDP using prototypes, they will
trigger autovivification:
use DDP;
my %foo;
p $foo{bar}; # undef, but will create the 'bar' key (with undef)
my @x;
p $x[5]; # undef, but will initialize the array with 5 elements (all undef)
Slices (both array and hash) must be coerced into actual arrays (or
hashes) to properly shown. So if you want to print a slice, instead of
doing something like this:
p @somevar[1..10]; # WRONG! DON'T DO THIS!
try one of those:
my @x = @somevar[1..10]; p @x; # works!
p [ @somevar[1..0] ]->@*; # also works!
p @{[@somevar[1..0]]}; # this works too!!
Finally, as mentioned before, you cannot pass anonymous references on
the default mode of "use_prototypes = 1":
p { foo => 1 }; # wrong!
p %{{ foo => 1 }}; # right
p { foo => 1 }->%*; # right on perl 5.24+
&p( { foo => 1 } ); # right, but requires the parenthesis
sub pp { p @_ }; # wrapping it also lets you use anonymous data.
use DDP use_prototypes => 0;
p { foo => 1 }; # works, but now p(@foo) will fail, you must always pass a ref,
# e.g. p(\@foo)
BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES
While we make a genuine effort not to break anything on new releases,
sometimes we do. To make things easier for people migrating their code,
we have aggregated here a list of all incompatible changes since ever:
• 1.00 - some defaults changed! Because we added a bunch of new
features (including color themes), you may notice some difference
on the default output of Data::Printer. Hopefully it's for the
best.
• 1.00 - new ".dataprinter" file format. This should only affect you
if you have a ".dataprinter" file. The change was required to
avoid calling "eval" on potentially tainted/unknown code. It also
provided a much cleaner interface.
• 1.00 - new way of creating external filters. This only affects you
if you write or use external filters. Previously, the sub in your
"filters" call would get the reference to be parsed and a
properties hash. The properties hash has been replaced with a
Data::Printer::Object instance, providing much more power and
flexibility. Because of that, the filter call does not export
"p()"/"np()" anymore, replaced by methods in Data::Printer::Object.
• 1.00 - new way to call filters. This affects you if you load your
own inline filters. The fix is quick and Data::Printer will
generate a warning explaining how to do it. Basically, "filters =>
{ ... }" became "filters => [{ ... }]" and you must replace
"-external => [1,2]" with "filters => [1, 2]", or "filters => [1,
2, {...}]" if you also have inline filters. This allowed us much
more power and flexibility with filters, and hopefully also makes
things clearer.
• 0.36 - "p()"'s default return value changed from 'dump' to 'pass'.
This was a very important change to ensure chained calls and to
prevent weird side-effects when "p()" is the last statement in a
sub. Read the full discussion <https://github.com/garu/Data-
Printer/issues/16>.
Any undocumented change was probably unintended. If you bump into one,
please file an issue on Github!
TIPS & TRICKS
Using p() in some/all of your loaded modules
(contributed by Matt S. Trout (mst))
While debugging your software, you may want to use Data::Printer in
some or all loaded modules and not bother having to load it in each and
every one of them. To do this, in any module loaded by "myapp.pl",
simply write:
::p @myvar; # note the '::' in front of p()
Then call your program like:
perl -MDDP myapp.pl
This also has the advantage that if you leave one p() call in by
accident, it will trigger a compile-time failure without the -M, making
it easier to spot :)
If you really want to have p() imported into your loaded modules, use
the next tip instead.
Adding p() to all your loaded modules
(contributed by Árpád Szász)
If you wish to automatically add Data::Printer's "p()" function to
every loaded module in you app, you can do something like this to your
main program:
BEGIN {
{
no strict 'refs';
require Data::Printer;
my $alias = 'p';
foreach my $package ( keys %main:: ) {
if ( $package =~ m/::$/ ) {
*{ $package . $alias } = \&Data::Printer::p;
}
}
}
}
WARNING This will override all locally defined subroutines/methods that
are named "p", if they exist, in every loaded module. If you already
have a subroutine named '"p()"', be sure to change $alias to something
custom.
If you rather avoid namespace manipulation altogether, use the previous
tip instead.
Using Data::Printer from the Perl debugger
(contributed by Árpád Szász and Marcel Grünauer (hanekomu))
With DB::Pluggable, you can easily set the perl debugger to use
Data::Printer to print variable information, replacing the debugger's
standard "p()" function. All you have to do is add these lines to your
".perldb" file:
use DB::Pluggable;
DB::Pluggable->run_with_config( \'[DataPrinter]' ); # note the '\'
Then call the perl debugger as you normally would:
perl -d myapp.pl
Now Data::Printer's "p()" command will be used instead of the
debugger's!
See perldebug for more information on how to use the perl debugger, and
DB::Pluggable for extra functionality and other plugins.
If you can't or don't want to use DB::Pluggable, or simply want to keep
the debugger's "p()" function and add an extended version using
Data::Printer (let's call it "px()" for instance), you can add these
lines to your ".perldb" file instead:
$DB::alias{px} = 's/px/DB::px/';
sub px {
my $expr = shift;
require Data::Printer;
print Data::Printer::p($expr);
}
Now, inside the Perl debugger, you can pass as reference to "px"
expressions to be dumped using Data::Printer.
Using Data::Printer in a perl shell (REPL)
Some people really enjoy using a REPL shell to quickly try Perl code.
One of the most popular ones out there is Devel::REPL. If you use it,
now you can also see its output with Data::Printer!
Just install Devel::REPL::Plugin::DataPrinter and add the following
line to your re.pl configuration file (usually ".re.pl/repl.rc" in your
home dir):
load_plugin('DataPrinter');
The next time you run "re.pl", it should dump all your REPL using
Data::Printer!
Easily rendering Data::Printer's output as HTML
To turn Data::Printer's output into HTML, you can do something like:
use HTML::FromANSI;
use Data::Printer;
my $html_output = ansi2html( np($object, colored => 1) );
In the example above, the $html_output variable contains the HTML
escaped output of "p($object)", so you can print it for later
inspection or render it (if it's a web app).
Using Data::Printer with Template Toolkit
(contributed by Stephen Thirlwall (sdt))
If you use Template Toolkit and want to dump your variables using
Data::Printer, install the Template::Plugin::DataPrinter module and
load it in your template:
[% USE DataPrinter %]
The provided methods match those of "Template::Plugin::Dumper":
ansi-colored dump of the data structure in "myvar":
[% DataPrinter.dump( myvar ) %]
html-formatted, colored dump of the same data structure:
[% DataPrinter.dump_html( myvar ) %]
The module allows several customization options, even letting you load
it as a complete drop-in replacement for Template::Plugin::Dumper so
you don't even have to change your previous templates!
Migrating from Data::Dumper to Data::Printer
If you are porting your code to use Data::Printer instead of
Data::Dumper, you could replace:
use Data::Dumper;
with something like:
use Data::Printer;
sub Dumper { np @_, colored => 1 }
this sub will accept multiple variables just like Data::Dumper.
Unified interface for Data::Printer and other debug formatters
(contributed by Kevin McGrath (catlgrep))
If you want a really unified approach to easily flip between debugging
outputs, use Any::Renderer and its plugins, like
Any::Renderer::Data::Printer.
Printing stack traces with arguments expanded using Data::Printer
(contributed by Sergey Aleynikov (randir))
There are times where viewing the current state of a variable is not
enough, and you want/need to see a full stack trace of a function call.
The Devel::PrettyTrace module uses Data::Printer to provide you just
that. It exports a "bt()" function that pretty-prints detailed
information on each function in your stack, making it easier to spot
any issues!
Troubleshooting apps in real time without changing a single line of your
code
(contributed by Marcel Grünauer (hanekomu))
dip is a dynamic instrumentation framework for troubleshooting Perl
programs, similar to DTrace
<http://opensolaris.org/os/community/dtrace/>. In a nutshell, "dip"
lets you create probes for certain conditions in your application that,
once met, will perform a specific action. Since it uses Aspect-oriented
programming, it's very lightweight and you only pay for what you use.
"dip" can be very useful since it allows you to debug your software
without changing a single line of your original code. And Data::Printer
comes bundled with it, so you can use the "p()" function to view your
data structures too!
# Print a stack trace every time the name is changed,
# except when reading from the database.
dip -e 'before { print longmess(np $_->{args}[1], colored => 1)
if $_->{args}[1] } call "MyObj::name" & !cflow("MyObj::read")' myapp.pl
You can check dip's own documentation for more information and options.
Sample output for color fine-tuning
(contributed by Yanick Champoux (yanick))
The "examples/try_me.pl" file included in this distribution has a
sample dump with a complex data structure to let you quickly test color
schemes.
VERSIONING AND UPDATES
As of 1.0.0 this module complies with "Major.Minor.Revision" versioning
scheme (SemVer), meaning backwards incompatible changes will trigger a
new major number, new features without any breaking changes trigger a
new minor number, and simple patches trigger a revision number.
CONTRIBUTORS
Many thanks to everyone who helped design and develop this module with
patches, bug reports, wishlists, comments and tests. They are
(alphabetically):
Adam Rosenstein, Alexandr Ciornii (chorny), Alexander Hartmaier
(abraxxa), Allan Whiteford, Anatoly (Snelius30), Andreas König (andk),
Andy Bach, Anthony DeRobertis, Árpád Szász, Athanasios Douitsis
(aduitsis), Baldur Kristinsson, Benct Philip Jonsson (bpj), brian d
foy, Chad Granum (exodist), Chris Prather (perigrin), Curtis Poe
(Ovid), David D Lowe (Flimm), David E. Condon (hhg7), David Golden
(xdg), David Precious (bigpresh), David Raab, David E. Wheeler
(theory), Damien Krotkine (dams), Denis Howe, dirk, Dotan Dimet, Eden
Cardim (edenc), Elliot Shank (elliotjs), Eugen Konkov (KES777),
Fernando Corrêa (SmokeMachine), Fitz Elliott, Florian (fschlich), Frew
Schmidt (frew), GianniGi, Graham Knop (haarg), Graham Todd, Gregory J.
Oschwald, grr, Håkon Hægland, Iaroslav O. Kosmina (darviarush), Ivan
Bessarabov (bessarabv), J Mash, James E. Keenan (jkeenan), Jarrod
Funnell (Timbus), Jay Allen (jayallen), Jay Hannah (jhannah), jcop,
Jesse Luehrs (doy), Joel Berger (jberger), John S. Anderson (genehack),
Karen Etheridge (ether), Kartik Thakore (kthakore), Kevin Dawson
(bowtie), Kevin McGrath (catlgrep), Kip Hampton (ubu), Londran, Marcel
Grünauer (hanekomu), Marco Masetti (grubert65), Mark Fowler (Trelane),
Martin J. Evans, Matt S. Trout (mst), Maxim Vuets, Michael Conrad, Mike
Doherty (doherty), Nicolas R (atoomic), Nigel Metheringham (nigelm),
Nuba Princigalli (nuba), Olaf Alders (oalders), Paul Evans (LeoNerd),
Pedro Melo (melo), Philippe Bruhat (BooK), Przemysław Wesołek (jest),
Rebecca Turner (iarna), Renato Cron (renatoCRON), Ricardo Signes
(rjbs), Rob Hoelz (hoelzro), Salve J. Nilsen (sjn), sawyer, Sebastian
Willing (Sewi), Sébastien Feugère (smonff), Sergey Aleynikov (randir),
Slaven Rezić, Stanislaw Pusep (syp), Stephen Thirlwall (sdt), sugyan,
Tai Paul, Tatsuhiko Miyagawa (miyagawa), Thomas Sibley (tsibley), Tim
Heaney (oylenshpeegul), Toby Inkster (tobyink), Torsten Raudssus
(Getty), Tokuhiro Matsuno (tokuhirom), trapd00r, Tsai Chung-Kuan, Veesh
Goldman (rabbiveesh), vividsnow, Wesley Dal`Col (blabos), y, Yanick
Champoux (yanick).
If I missed your name, please drop me a line!
LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2011-2021 Breno G. de Oliveira
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
See <http://dev.perl.org/licenses/> for more information.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
perl v5.32.1 2021-05-03 Data::Printer(3pm)
Generated by dwww version 1.14 on Fri Jan 24 06:28:06 CET 2025.