ExtUti...MM_Unix(3perl) Perl Programmers Reference GuideExtUti...MM_Unix(3perl)
NAME
ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
DESCRIPTION
The methods provided by this package are designed to be used in
conjunction with ExtUtils::MakeMaker. When MakeMaker writes a Makefile,
it creates one or more objects that inherit their methods from a package
MM. MM itself doesn't provide any methods, but it ISA ExtUtils::MM_Unix
class. The inheritance tree of MM lets operating specific packages take
the responsibility for all the methods provided by MM_Unix. We are
trying to reduce the number of the necessary overrides by defining
rather primitive operations within ExtUtils::MM_Unix.
If you are going to write a platform specific MM package, please try to
limit the necessary overrides to primitive methods, and if it is not
possible to do so, let's work out how to achieve that gain.
If you are overriding any of these methods in your Makefile.PL (in the
MY class), please report that to the makemaker mailing list. We are
trying to minimize the necessary method overrides and switch to data
driven Makefile.PLs wherever possible. In the long run less methods will
be overridable via the MY class.
METHODS
The following description of methods is still under development. Please
refer to the code for not suitably documented sections and complain
loudly to the makemaker@perl.org mailing list. Better yet, provide a
patch.
Not all of the methods below are overridable in a Makefile.PL.
Overridable methods are marked as (o). All methods are overridable by a
platform specific MM_*.pm file.
Cross-platform methods are being moved into MM_Any. If you can't find
something that used to be in here, look in MM_Any.
Methods
os_flavor
Simply says that we're Unix.
c_o (o)
Defines the suffix rules to compile different flavors of C files to
object files.
xs_obj_opt
Takes the object file as an argument, and returns the portion of
compile command-line that will output to the specified object file.
dbgoutflag
Returns a CC flag that tells the CC to emit a separate debugging
symbol file when compiling an object file.
cflags (o)
Does very much the same as the cflags script in the perl
distribution. It doesn't return the whole compiler command line, but
initializes all of its parts. The const_cccmd method then actually
returns the definition of the CCCMD macro which uses these parts.
const_cccmd (o)
Returns the full compiler call for C programs and stores the
definition in CONST_CCCMD.
const_config (o)
Sets SHELL if needed, then defines a couple of constants in the
Makefile that are imported from %Config.
const_loadlibs (o)
Defines EXTRALIBS, LDLOADLIBS, BSLOADLIBS, LD_RUN_PATH. See
ExtUtils::Liblist for details.
constants (o)
my $make_frag = $mm->constants;
Prints out macros for lots of constants.
depend (o)
Same as macro for the depend attribute.
init_DEST
$mm->init_DEST
Defines the DESTDIR and DEST* variables paralleling the INSTALL*.
init_dist
$mm->init_dist;
Defines a lot of macros for distribution support.
macro description default
TAR tar command to use tar
TARFLAGS flags to pass to TAR cvf
ZIP zip command to use zip
ZIPFLAGS flags to pass to ZIP -r
COMPRESS compression command to gzip --best
use for tarfiles
SUFFIX suffix to put on .gz
compressed files
SHAR shar command to use shar
PREOP extra commands to run before
making the archive
POSTOP extra commands to run after
making the archive
TO_UNIX a command to convert linefeeds
to Unix style in your archive
CI command to checkin your ci -u
sources to version control
RCS_LABEL command to label your sources rcs -Nv$(VERSION_SYM): -q
just after CI is run
DIST_CP $how argument to manicopy() best
when the distdir is created
DIST_DEFAULT default target to use to tardist
create a distribution
DISTVNAME name of the resulting archive $(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)
(minus suffixes)
dist (o)
my $dist_macros = $mm->dist(%overrides);
Generates a make fragment defining all the macros initialized in
init_dist.
%overrides can be used to override any of the above.
dist_basics (o)
Defines the targets distclean, distcheck, skipcheck, manifest,
veryclean.
dist_ci (o)
Defines a check in target for RCS.
dist_core (o)
my $dist_make_fragment = $MM->dist_core;
Puts the targets necessary for 'make dist' together into one make
fragment.
dist_target
my $make_frag = $MM->dist_target;
Returns the 'dist' target to make an archive for distribution. This
target simply checks to make sure the Makefile is up-to-date and
depends on $(DIST_DEFAULT).
tardist_target
my $make_frag = $MM->tardist_target;
Returns the 'tardist' target which is simply so 'make tardist'
works. The real work is done by the dynamically named
tardistfile_target() method, tardist should have that as a
dependency.
zipdist_target
my $make_frag = $MM->zipdist_target;
Returns the 'zipdist' target which is simply so 'make zipdist'
works. The real work is done by the dynamically named
zipdistfile_target() method, zipdist should have that as a
dependency.
tarfile_target
my $make_frag = $MM->tarfile_target;
The name of this target is the name of the tarball generated by
tardist. This target does the actual work of turning the distdir
into a tarball.
zipfile_target
my $make_frag = $MM->zipfile_target;
The name of this target is the name of the zip file generated by
zipdist. This target does the actual work of turning the distdir
into a zip file.
uutardist_target
my $make_frag = $MM->uutardist_target;
Converts the tarfile into a uuencoded file
shdist_target
my $make_frag = $MM->shdist_target;
Converts the distdir into a shell archive.
dlsyms (o)
Used by some OS' to define DL_FUNCS and DL_VARS and write the *.exp
files.
Normally just returns an empty string.
dynamic_bs (o)
Defines targets for bootstrap files.
dynamic_lib (o)
Defines how to produce the *.so (or equivalent) files.
xs_dynamic_lib_macros
Defines the macros for the "dynamic_lib" section.
xs_make_dynamic_lib
Defines the recipes for the "dynamic_lib" section.
exescan
Deprecated method. Use libscan instead.
extliblist
Called by init_others, and calls ext ExtUtils::Liblist. See
ExtUtils::Liblist for details.
find_perl
Finds the executables PERL and FULLPERL
fixin
$mm->fixin(@files);
Inserts the sharpbang or equivalent magic number to a set of @files.
force (o)
Writes an empty FORCE: target.
guess_name
Guess the name of this package by examining the working directory's
name. MakeMaker calls this only if the developer has not supplied a
NAME attribute.
has_link_code
Returns true if C, XS, MYEXTLIB or similar objects exist within this
object that need a compiler. Does not descend into subdirectories as
needs_linking() does.
init_dirscan
Scans the directory structure and initializes DIR, XS, XS_FILES, C,
C_FILES, O_FILES, H, H_FILES, PL_FILES, EXE_FILES.
Called by init_main.
init_MANPODS
Determines if man pages should be generated and initializes MAN1PODS
and MAN3PODS as appropriate.
init_MAN1PODS
Initializes MAN1PODS from the list of EXE_FILES.
init_MAN3PODS
Initializes MAN3PODS from the list of PM files.
init_PM
Initializes PMLIBDIRS and PM from PMLIBDIRS.
init_DIRFILESEP
Using / for Unix. Called by init_main.
init_main
Initializes AR, AR_STATIC_ARGS, BASEEXT, CONFIG, DISTNAME, DLBASE,
EXE_EXT, FULLEXT, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, INST_*,
INSTALL*, INSTALLDIRS, LIB_EXT, LIBPERL_A, MAP_TARGET, NAME,
OBJ_EXT, PARENT_NAME, PERL, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_INC, PERL_LIB,
PERL_SRC, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PREFIX, VERSION, VERSION_SYM,
XS_VERSION.
init_tools
Initializes tools to use their common (and faster) Unix commands.
init_linker
Unix has no need of special linker flags.
init_PERL
$mm->init_PERL;
Called by init_main. Sets up ABSPERL, PERL, FULLPERL and all the
*PERLRUN* permutations.
PERL is allowed to be miniperl
FULLPERL must be a complete perl
ABSPERL is PERL converted to an absolute path
*PERLRUN contains everything necessary to run perl, find it's
libraries, etc...
*PERLRUNINST is *PERLRUN + everything necessary to find the
modules being built.
init_platform
platform_constants
Add MM_Unix_VERSION.
init_PERM
$mm->init_PERM
Called by init_main. Initializes PERL_*
init_xs
$mm->init_xs
Sets up macros having to do with XS code. Currently just
INST_STATIC, INST_DYNAMIC and INST_BOOT.
install (o)
Defines the install target.
installbin (o)
Defines targets to make and to install EXE_FILES.
linkext (o)
Defines the linkext target which in turn defines the LINKTYPE.
lsdir
Takes as arguments a directory name and a regular expression.
Returns all entries in the directory that match the regular
expression.
macro (o)
Simple subroutine to insert the macros defined by the macro
attribute into the Makefile.
makeaperl (o)
Called by staticmake. Defines how to write the Makefile to produce a
static new perl.
By default the Makefile produced includes all the static extensions
in the perl library. (Purified versions of library files, e.g.,
DynaLoader_pure_p1_c0_032.a are automatically ignored to avoid link
errors.)
xs_static_lib_is_xs (o)
Called by a utility method of makeaperl. Checks whether a given file
is an XS library by seeing whether it defines any symbols starting
with "boot_" (with an optional leading underscore - needed on
MacOS).
makefile (o)
Defines how to rewrite the Makefile.
maybe_command
Returns true, if the argument is likely to be a command.
needs_linking (o)
Does this module need linking? Looks into subdirectory objects (see
also has_link_code())
parse_abstract
parse a file and return what you think is the ABSTRACT
parse_version
my $version = MM->parse_version($file);
Parse a $file and return what $VERSION is set to by the first
assignment. It will return the string "undef" if it can't figure
out what $VERSION is. $VERSION should be for all to see, so "our
$VERSION" or plain $VERSION are okay, but "my $VERSION" is not.
"package Foo VERSION" is also checked for. The first version
declaration found is used, but this may change as it differs from
how Perl does it.
parse_version() will try to "use version" before checking for
$VERSION so the following will work.
$VERSION = qv(1.2.3);
pasthru (o)
Defines the string that is passed to recursive make calls in
subdirectories. The variables like "PASTHRU_DEFINE" are used in each
level, and passed downwards on the command-line with e.g. the value
of that level's DEFINE. Example:
# Level 0 has DEFINE = -Dfunky
# This code will define level 0's PASTHRU=PASTHRU_DEFINE="$(DEFINE)
# $(PASTHRU_DEFINE)"
# Level 0's $(CCCMD) will include macros $(DEFINE) and $(PASTHRU_DEFINE)
# So will level 1's, so when level 1 compiles, it will get right values
# And so ad infinitum
perl_script
Takes one argument, a file name, and returns the file name, if the
argument is likely to be a perl script. On MM_Unix this is true for
any ordinary, readable file.
perldepend (o)
Defines the dependency from all *.h files that come with the perl
distribution.
pm_to_blib
Defines target that copies all files in the hash PM to their
destination and autosplits them. See "DESCRIPTION" in
ExtUtils::Install
ppd Defines target that creates a PPD (Perl Package Description) file
for a binary distribution.
prefixify
$MM->prefixify($var, $prefix, $new_prefix, $default);
Using either $MM->{uc $var} || $Config{lc $var}, it will attempt to
replace it's $prefix with a $new_prefix.
Should the $prefix fail to match AND a PREFIX was given as an
argument to WriteMakefile() it will set it to the $new_prefix +
$default. This is for systems whose file layouts don't neatly fit
into our ideas of prefixes.
This is for heuristics which attempt to create directory structures
that mirror those of the installed perl.
For example:
$MM->prefixify('installman1dir', '/usr', '/home/foo', 'man/man1');
this will attempt to remove '/usr' from the front of the
$MM->{INSTALLMAN1DIR} path (initializing it to
$Config{installman1dir} if necessary) and replace it with
'/home/foo'. If this fails it will simply use '/home/foo/man/man1'.
processPL (o)
Defines targets to run *.PL files.
specify_shell
Specify SHELL if needed - not done on Unix.
quote_paren
Backslashes parentheses "()" in command line arguments. Doesn't
handle recursive Makefile "$(...)" constructs, but handles simple
ones.
replace_manpage_separator
my $man_name = $MM->replace_manpage_separator($file_path);
Takes the name of a package, which may be a nested package, in the
form 'Foo/Bar.pm' and replaces the slash with "::" or something else
safe for a man page file name. Returns the replacement.
cd
oneliner
quote_literal
Quotes macro literal value suitable for being used on a command line
so that when expanded by make, will be received by command as given
to this method:
my $quoted = $mm->quote_literal(q{it isn't});
# returns:
# 'it isn'\''t'
print MAKEFILE "target:\n\techo $quoted\n";
# when run "make target", will output:
# it isn't
escape_newlines
max_exec_len
Using POSIX::ARG_MAX. Otherwise falling back to 4096.
static (o)
Defines the static target.
xs_make_static_lib
Defines the recipes for the "static_lib" section.
static_lib_closures
Records "$(EXTRALIBS)" in extralibs.ld and $(PERL_SRC)/ext.libs.
static_lib_fixtures
Handles copying "$(MYEXTLIB)" as starter for final static library
that then gets added to.
static_lib_pure_cmd
Defines how to run the archive utility.
staticmake (o)
Calls makeaperl.
subdir_x (o)
Helper subroutine for subdirs
subdirs (o)
Defines targets to process subdirectories.
test (o)
Defines the test targets.
test_via_harness (override)
For some reason which I forget, Unix machines like to have
PERL_DL_NONLAZY set for tests.
test_via_script (override)
Again, the PERL_DL_NONLAZY thing.
tool_xsubpp (o)
Determines typemaps, xsubpp version, prototype behaviour.
all_target
Build man pages, too
top_targets (o)
Defines the targets all, subdirs, config, and O_FILES
writedoc
Obsolete, deprecated method. Not used since Version 5.21.
xs_c (o)
Defines the suffix rules to compile XS files to C.
xs_cpp (o)
Defines the suffix rules to compile XS files to C++.
xs_o (o)
Defines suffix rules to go from XS to object files directly. This
was originally only intended for broken make implementations, but is
now necessary for per-XS file under "XSMULTI", since each XS file
might have an individual "$(VERSION)".
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
perl v5.40.1 2026-08-30 ExtUti...MM_Unix(3perl)
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