OPENSSL_MALLOC(3SSL) OpenSSL OPENSSL_MALLOC(3SSL)
NAME
OPENSSL_malloc_init, OPENSSL_malloc, OPENSSL_aligned_alloc,
OPENSSL_zalloc, OPENSSL_realloc, OPENSSL_free, OPENSSL_clear_realloc,
OPENSSL_clear_free, OPENSSL_cleanse, CRYPTO_malloc,
CRYPTO_aligned_alloc, CRYPTO_zalloc, CRYPTO_realloc, CRYPTO_free,
OPENSSL_strdup, OPENSSL_strndup, OPENSSL_memdup, OPENSSL_strlcpy,
OPENSSL_strlcat, OPENSSL_strtoul, CRYPTO_strdup, CRYPTO_strndup,
OPENSSL_mem_debug_push, OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop, CRYPTO_mem_debug_push,
CRYPTO_mem_debug_pop, CRYPTO_clear_realloc, CRYPTO_clear_free,
CRYPTO_malloc_fn, CRYPTO_realloc_fn, CRYPTO_free_fn,
CRYPTO_get_mem_functions, CRYPTO_set_mem_functions,
CRYPTO_get_alloc_counts, CRYPTO_set_mem_debug, CRYPTO_mem_ctrl,
CRYPTO_mem_leaks, CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp, CRYPTO_mem_leaks_cb,
OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES, OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD - Memory allocation functions
SYNOPSIS
#include <openssl/crypto.h>
int OPENSSL_malloc_init(void);
void *OPENSSL_malloc(size_t num);
void *OPENSSL_aligned_alloc(size_t num, size_t alignment, void **freeptr);
void *OPENSSL_zalloc(size_t num);
void *OPENSSL_realloc(void *addr, size_t num);
void OPENSSL_free(void *addr);
char *OPENSSL_strdup(const char *str);
char *OPENSSL_strndup(const char *str, size_t s);
size_t OPENSSL_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);
size_t OPENSSL_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);
int OPENSSL_strtoul(char *src, char **endptr, int base, unsigned long *num);
void *OPENSSL_memdup(void *data, size_t s);
void *OPENSSL_clear_realloc(void *p, size_t old_len, size_t num);
void OPENSSL_clear_free(void *str, size_t num);
void OPENSSL_cleanse(void *ptr, size_t len);
void *CRYPTO_malloc(size_t num, const char *file, int line);
void *CRYPTO_aligned_alloc(size_t num, size_t align, void **freeptr,
const char *file, int line);
void *CRYPTO_zalloc(size_t num, const char *file, int line);
void *CRYPTO_realloc(void *p, size_t num, const char *file, int line);
void CRYPTO_free(void *str, const char *, int);
char *CRYPTO_strdup(const char *p, const char *file, int line);
char *CRYPTO_strndup(const char *p, size_t num, const char *file, int line);
void *CRYPTO_clear_realloc(void *p, size_t old_len, size_t num,
const char *file, int line);
void CRYPTO_clear_free(void *str, size_t num, const char *, int);
typedef void *(*CRYPTO_malloc_fn)(size_t num, const char *file, int line);
typedef void *(*CRYPTO_realloc_fn)(void *addr, size_t num, const char *file,
int line);
typedef void (*CRYPTO_free_fn)(void *addr, const char *file, int line);
void CRYPTO_get_mem_functions(CRYPTO_malloc_fn *malloc_fn,
CRYPTO_realloc_fn *realloc_fn,
CRYPTO_free_fn *free_fn);
int CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(CRYPTO_malloc_fn malloc_fn,
CRYPTO_realloc_fn realloc_fn,
CRYPTO_free_fn free_fn);
void CRYPTO_get_alloc_counts(int *mcount, int *rcount, int *fcount);
env OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES=... <application>
env OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD=... <application>
The following functions have been deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, and can
be hidden entirely by defining OPENSSL_API_COMPAT with a suitable
version value, see openssl_user_macros(7):
int CRYPTO_mem_leaks(BIO *b);
int CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp(FILE *fp);
int CRYPTO_mem_leaks_cb(int (*cb)(const char *str, size_t len, void *u),
void *u);
int CRYPTO_set_mem_debug(int onoff);
int CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(int mode);
int OPENSSL_mem_debug_push(const char *info);
int OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop(void);
int CRYPTO_mem_debug_push(const char *info, const char *file, int line);
int CRYPTO_mem_debug_pop(void);
DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL memory allocation is handled by the OPENSSL_xxx API. These are
generally macro's that add the standard C __FILE__ and __LINE__
parameters and call a lower-level CRYPTO_xxx API. Some functions do not
add those parameters, but exist for consistency.
OPENSSL_malloc_init() does nothing and does not need to be called. It is
included for compatibility with older versions of OpenSSL.
OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_realloc(), and OPENSSL_free() are like the C
malloc(), realloc(), and free() functions. OPENSSL_zalloc() calls
memset() to zero the memory before returning.
OPENSSL_aligned_alloc() operates just as OPENSSL_malloc does, but it
allows for the caller to specify an alignment value, for instances in
which the default alignment of malloc is insufficient for the callers
needs. Note, the alignment value must be a power of 2, and the size
specified must be a multiple of the alignment. NOTE: The call to
OPENSSL_aligned_alloc() accepts a 3rd argument, freeptr which must point
to a void pointer. On some platforms, there is no available library
call to obtain memory allocations greater than what malloc provides. In
this case, OPENSSL_aligned_alloc implements its own alignment routine,
allocating additional memory and offsetting the returned pointer to be
on the requested alignment boundary. In order to safely free
allocations made by this method, the caller must return the value in the
freeptr variable, rather than the returned pointer.
OPENSSL_clear_realloc() and OPENSSL_clear_free() should be used when the
buffer at addr holds sensitive information. The old buffer is filled
with zero's by calling OPENSSL_cleanse() before ultimately calling
OPENSSL_free(). If the argument to OPENSSL_clear_free() is NULL, nothing
is done.
OPENSSL_cleanse() fills ptr of size len with a string of 0's. It is
useful in cases when it is needed to ensure that memory (that contains
sensitive information) is overwritten (for example, before it is
reclaimed, or when it is stored on stack), and such operation is not
optimised out by compiler optimisations such as dead store elimination
(as memset(3) may be). Use OPENSSL_cleanse() with care if the memory is
a mapping of a file. If the storage controller uses write compression,
then it's possible that sensitive tail bytes will survive zeroization
because the block of zeros will be compressed. If the storage controller
uses wear leveling, then the old sensitive data will not be overwritten;
rather, a block of 0's will be written at a new physical location.
OPENSSL_strdup(), OPENSSL_strndup() and OPENSSL_memdup() are like the
equivalent C functions, except that memory is allocated by calling the
OPENSSL_malloc() and should be released by calling OPENSSL_free().
OPENSSL_strlcpy(), OPENSSL_strlcat() and OPENSSL_strnlen() are
equivalents of the common C library functions and are provided for
portability.
OPENSSL_strtoul() is a wrapper around the POSIX function strtoul, with
the same behaviors listed in the POSIX documentation, with the
additional behavior that it validates the input str and num parameters
for not being NULL, and confirms that at least a single byte of input
has been consumed in the translation, returning an error in the event
that no bytes were consumed.
If no allocations have been done, it is possible to "swap out" the
default implementations for OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_realloc() and
OPENSSL_free() and replace them with alternate versions.
CRYPTO_get_mem_functions() function fills in the given arguments with
the function pointers for the current implementations. With
CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(), you can specify a different set of
functions. If any of malloc_fn, realloc_fn, or free_fn are NULL, then
the function is not changed. While it's permitted to swap out only a
few and not all the functions with CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(), it's
recommended to swap them all out at once.
If the library is built with the "crypto-mdebug" option, then one
function, CRYPTO_get_alloc_counts(), and two additional environment
variables, OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES and OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD, are available.
The function CRYPTO_get_alloc_counts() fills in the number of times each
of CRYPTO_malloc(), CRYPTO_realloc(), and CRYPTO_free() have been
called, into the values pointed to by mcount, rcount, and fcount,
respectively. If a pointer is NULL, then the corresponding count is not
stored.
The variable OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES controls how often allocations
should fail. It is a set of fields separated by semicolons, which each
field is a count (defaulting to zero) and an optional atsign and
percentage (defaulting to 100). If the count is zero, then it lasts
forever. For example, "100;@25" or "100@0;0@25" means the first 100
allocations pass, then all other allocations (until the program exits or
crashes) have a 25% chance of failing. The length of the value of
OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES must be 256 or fewer characters.
If the variable OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD is parsed as a positive integer, then
it is taken as an open file descriptor. This is used in conjunction with
OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES described above. For every allocation it will
log details about how many allocations there have been so far, what
percentage chance there is for this allocation failing, and whether it
has actually failed. The following example in classic shell syntax
shows how to use this (will not work on all platforms):
OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES='200;@10'
export OPENSSL_MALLOC_FAILURES
OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD=3
export OPENSSL_MALLOC_FD
...app invocation... 3>/tmp/log$$
RETURN VALUES
OPENSSL_malloc_init(), OPENSSL_free(), OPENSSL_clear_free()
CRYPTO_free(), CRYPTO_clear_free() and CRYPTO_get_mem_functions() return
no value.
OPENSSL_malloc(), OPENSSL_aligned_alloc(), OPENSSL_zalloc(),
OPENSSL_realloc(), OPENSSL_clear_realloc(), CRYPTO_malloc(),
CRYPTO_zalloc(), CRYPTO_realloc(), CRYPTO_clear_realloc(),
OPENSSL_strdup(), and OPENSSL_strndup() return a pointer to allocated
memory or NULL on error.
CRYPTO_set_mem_functions() returns 1 on success or 0 on failure (almost
always because allocations have already happened).
CRYPTO_mem_leaks(), CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp(), CRYPTO_mem_leaks_cb(),
CRYPTO_set_mem_debug(), and CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() are deprecated and are no-
ops that always return -1. OPENSSL_mem_debug_push(),
OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop(), CRYPTO_mem_debug_push(), and
CRYPTO_mem_debug_pop() are deprecated and are no-ops that always return
0.
OPENSSL_strtoul() returns 1 on success and 0 in the event that an error
has occurred. Specifically, 0 is returned in the following events:
• If the underlying call to strtoul returned a non zero errno value
• If the translation did not consume the entire input string, and the
passed endptr value was NULL
• If no characters were consumed in the translation
Note that a success condition does not imply that the expected
translation has been performed. For instance calling
OPENSSL_strtoul("0x12345", &endptr, 10, &num);
will result in a successful translation with num having the value 0, and
*endptr = 'x'. Be sure to validate how much data was consumed when
calling this function.
HISTORY
OPENSSL_mem_debug_push(), OPENSSL_mem_debug_pop(),
CRYPTO_mem_debug_push(), CRYPTO_mem_debug_pop(), CRYPTO_mem_leaks(),
CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp(), CRYPTO_mem_leaks_cb(), CRYPTO_set_mem_debug(),
CRYPTO_mem_ctrl() were deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0. The memory-leak
checking has been deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0 in favor of clang's memory
and leak sanitizer. OPENSSL_aligned_alloc(), CRYPTO_aligned_alloc(),
OPENSSL_strtoul() were added in OpenSSL 3.4.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2016-2026 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
3.5.7 2026-06-09 OPENSSL_MALLOC(3SSL)
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