Test2:...:Event(3perl) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Test2:...:Event(3perl)
NAME
Test2::API::InterceptResult::Event - Representation of an event for use
in testing other test tools.
DESCRIPTION
"intercept { ... }" from Test2::API returns an instance of
Test2::API::InterceptResult which is a blessed arrayref of
Test2::API::InterceptResult::Event objects.
This POD documents the methods of these events, which are mainly
provided for you to use when testing your test tools.
SYNOPSIS
use Test2::V0;
use Test2::API qw/intercept/;
my $events = intercept {
ok(1, "A passing assertion");
plan(1);
};
# This will convert all events into instances of
# Test2::API::InterceptResult::Event. Until we do this they are the
# original Test::Event::* instances
$events->upgrade(in_place => 1);
# Now we can get individual events in this form
my $assert = $events->[0];
my $plan = $events->[1];
# Or we can operate on all events at once:
my $flattened = $events->flatten;
is(
$flattened,
[
{
causes_failure => 0,
name => 'A passing assertion',
pass => 1,
trace_file => 'xxx.t',
trace_line => 5,
},
{
causes_failure => 0,
plan => 1,
trace_file => 'xxx.t',
trace_line => 6,
},
],
"Flattened both events and returned an arrayref of the results
);
METHODS
!!! IMPORTANT NOTES ON DESIGN !!!
Please pay attention to what these return, many return a scalar when
applicable or an empty list when not (as opposed to undef). Many also
always return a list of 0 or more items. Some always return a scalar.
Note that none of the methods care about context, their behavior is
consistent regardless of scalar, list, or void context.
This was done because this class was specifically designed to be used in
a list and generate more lists in bulk operations. Sometimes in a map
you want nothing to show up for the event, and you do not want an undef
in its place. In general single event instances are not going to be used
alone, though that is allowed.
As a general rule any method prefixed with "the_" implies the event
should have exactly 1 of the specified item, and and exception will be
thrown if there are 0, or more than 1 of the item.
ATTRIBUTES
$hashref = $event->facet_data
This will return the facet data hashref, which is all Test2 cares
about for any given event.
$class = $event->result_class
This is normally Test2::API::InterceptResult. This is set at
construction so that subtest results can be turned into instances of
it on demand.
DUPLICATION
$copy = $event->clone
Create a deep copy of the event. Modifying either event will not
effect the other.
CONDENSED MULTI-FACET DATA
$bool = $event->causes_failure
$bool = $event->causes_fail
These are both aliases of the same functionality.
This will always return either a true value, or a false value. This
never returns a list.
This method may be relatively slow (still super fast) because it
determines pass or fail by creating an instance of Test2::Hub and
asking it to process the event, and then asks the hub for its
pass/fail state. This is slower than building in logic to do the
check, but it is more reliable as it will always tell you what the
hub thinks, so the logic will never be out of date relative to the
Test2 logic that actually cares.
STRING_OR_EMPTY_LIST = $event->brief
Not all events have a brief, some events are not rendered by the
formatter, others have no "brief" data worth seeing. When this is
the case an empty list is returned. This is done intentionally so it
can be used in a map operation without having "undef" being included
in the result.
When a brief can be generated it is always a single 1-line string,
and is returned as-is, not in a list.
Possible briefs:
# From control facets
"BAILED OUT"
"BAILED OUT: $why"
# From error facets
"ERROR"
"ERROR: $message"
"ERROR: $partial_message [...]"
"ERRORS: $first_error_message [...]"
# From assert facets
"PASS"
"FAIL"
"PASS with amnesty"
"FAIL with amnesty"
# From plan facets
"PLAN $count"
"NO PLAN"
"SKIP ALL"
"SKIP ALL: $why"
Note that only the first applicable brief is returned. This is
essnetially a poor-mans TAP that only includes facets that could
(but not necessarily do) cause a failure.
$hashref = $event->flatten
$hashref = $event->flatten(include_subevents => 1)
This ALWAYS returns a hashref. This puts all the most useful data
for the most interesting facets into a single hashref for easy
validation.
If there are no meaningful facets this will return an empty hashref.
If given the 'include_subevents' parameter it will also include
subtest data:
Here is a list of EVERY possible field. If a field is not applicable
it will not be present.
always present
causes_failure => 1, # Always present
Present if the event has a trace facet
trace_line => 42,
trace_file => 'Foo/Bar.pm',
trace_details => 'Extra trace details', # usually not present
If an assertion is present
pass => 0,
name => "1 + 1 = 2, so math works",
If a plan is present:
plan => $count_or_SKIP_ALL_or_NO_PLAN,
If amnesty facets are present
You get an array for each type that is present.
todo => [ # Yes you could be under multiple todos, this will list them all.
"I will fix this later",
"I promise to fix these",
],
skip => ["This will format the main drive, do not run"],
... => ["Other amnesty"]
If Info (note/diag) facets are present
You get an arrayref for any that are present, the key is not
defined if they are not present.
diag => [
"Test failed at Foo/Bar.pm line 42",
"You forgot to tie your boots",
],
note => ["Your boots are red"],
... => ["Other info"],
If error facets are present
Always an arrayref
error => [
"non fatal error (does not cause test failure, just an FYI",
"FATAL: This is a fatal error (causes failure)",
],
# Errors can have alternative tags, but in practice are always 'error',
# listing this for completeness.
... => [ ... ]
Present if the event is a subtest
subtest => {
count => 2, # Number of assertions made
failed => 1, # Number of test failures seen
is_passing => 0, # Boolean, true if the test would be passing
# after the events are processed.
plan => 2, # Plan, either a number, undef, 'SKIP', or 'NO PLAN'
follows_plan => 1, # True if there is a plan and it was followed.
# False if the plan and assertions did not
# match, undef if no plan was present in the
# event list.
bailed_out => "foo", # if there was a bail-out in the
# events in this will be a string explaining
# why there was a bailout, if no reason was
# given this will simply be set to true (1).
skip_reason => "foo", # If there was a skip_all this will give the
# reason.
},
if "(include_subtest => 1)" was provided as a parameter then the
following will be included. This is the result of turning all
subtest child events into an Test2::API::InterceptResult
instance and calling the "flatten" method on it.
subevents => Test2::API::InterceptResult->new(@child_events)->flatten(...),
If a bail-out is being requested
If no reason was given this will be set to 1.
bailed_out => "reason",
$hashref = $event->summary()
This returns a limited summary. See flatten(), which is usually a
better option.
{
brief => $event->brief || '',
causes_failure => $event->causes_failure,
trace_line => $event->trace_line,
trace_file => $event->trace_file,
trace_tool => $event->trace_subname,
trace_details => $event->trace_details,
facets => [ sort keys(%{$event->{+FACET_DATA}}) ],
}
DIRECT ARBITRARY FACET ACCESS
@list_of_facets = $event->facet($name)
This always returns a list of 0 or more items. This fetches the
facet instances from the event. For facets like 'assert' this will
always return 0 or 1 item. For events like 'info' (diags, notes)
this will return 0 or more instances, once for each instance of the
facet.
These will be blessed into the proper Test2::EventFacet subclass. If
no subclass can be found it will be blessed as an
Test2::API::InterceptResult::Facet generic facet class.
$undef_or_facet = $event->the_facet($name)
If you know you will have exactly 1 instance of a facet you can call
this.
If you are correct and there is exactly one instance of the facet it
will always return the hashref.
If there are 0 instances of the facet this will return undef, not an
empty list.
If there are more than 1 instance this will throw an exception
because your assumption was incorrect.
TRACE FACET
@list_of_facets = $event->trace
TODO
$undef_or_hashref = $event->the_trace
This returns the trace hashref, or undef if it is not present.
$undef_or_arrayref = $event->frame
If a trace is present, and has a caller frame, this will be an
arrayref:
[$package, $file, $line, $subname]
If the trace is not present, or has no caller frame this will return
undef.
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_details
This is usually undef, but occasionally has a string that overrides
the file/line number debugging a trace usually provides on test
failure.
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_package
Same as "(caller())[0]", the first element of the trace frame.
Will be undef if not present.
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_file
Same as "(caller())[1]", the second element of the trace frame.
Will be undef if not present.
$undef_or_integer = $event->trace_line
Same as "(caller())[2]", the third element of the trace frame.
Will be undef if not present.
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_subname
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_tool
Aliases for the same thing
Same as "(caller($level))[4]", the fourth element of the trace
frame.
Will be undef if not present.
$undef_or_string = $event->trace_signature
A string that is a unique signature for the trace. If a single
context generates multiple events they will all have the same
signature. This can be used to tie assertions and diagnostics sent
as separate events together after the fact.
ASSERT FACET
$bool = $event->has_assert
Returns true if the event has an assert facet, false if it does not.
$undef_or_hashref = $event->the_assert
Returns the assert facet if present, undef if it is not.
@list_of_facets = $event->assert
TODO
EMPTY_LIST_OR_STRING = $event->assert_brief
Returns a string giving a brief of the assertion if an assertion is
present. Returns an empty list if no assertion is present.
SUBTESTS (PARENT FACET)
$bool = $event->has_subtest
True if a subetest is present in this event.
$undef_or_hashref = $event->the_subtest
Get the one subtest if present, otherwise undef.
@list_of_facets = $event->subtest
TODO
EMPTY_LIST_OR_OBJECT = $event->subtest_result
Returns an empty list if there is no subtest.
Get an instance of Test2::API::InterceptResult representing the
subtest.
CONTROL FACET (BAILOUT, ENCODING)
$bool = $event->has_bailout
True if there was a bailout
$undef_hashref = $event->the_bailout
Return the control facet if it requested a bailout.
EMPTY_LIST_OR_HASHREF = $event->bailout
Get a list of 0 or 1 hashrefs. The hashref will be the control facet
if a bail-out was requested.
EMPTY_LIST_OR_STRING = $event->bailout_brief
Get the brief of the balout if present.
EMPTY_LIST_OR_STRING = $event->bailout_reason
Get the reason for the bailout, an empty string if no reason was
provided, or an empty list if there was no bailout.
PLAN FACET
TODO
$bool = $event->has_plan
$undef_or_hashref = $event->the_plan
@list_if_hashrefs = $event->plan
EMPTY_LIST_OR_STRING $event->plan_brief
AMNESTY FACET (TODO AND SKIP)
TODO
$event->has_amnesty
$event->the_amnesty
$event->amnesty
$event->amnesty_reasons
$event->has_todos
$event->todos
$event->todo_reasons
$event->has_skips
$event->skips
$event->skip_reasons
$event->has_other_amnesty
$event->other_amnesty
$event->other_amnesty_reasons
ERROR FACET (CAPTURED EXCEPTIONS)
TODO
$event->has_errors
$event->the_errors
$event->errors
$event->error_messages
$event->error_brief
INFO FACET (DIAG, NOTE)
TODO
$event->has_info
$event->the_info
$event->info
$event->info_messages
$event->has_diags
$event->diags
$event->diag_messages
$event->has_notes
$event->notes
$event->note_messages
$event->has_other_info
$event->other_info
$event->other_info_messages
SOURCE
The source code repository for Test2 can be found at
<https://github.com/Test-More/test-more/>.
MAINTAINERS
Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
AUTHORS
Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2020 Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
See <https://dev.perl.org/licenses/>
perl v5.40.1 2026-08-30 Test2:...:Event(3perl)
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