XCreateWindow(3) XLIB FUNCTIONS XCreateWindow(3)
NAME
XCreateWindow, XCreateSimpleWindow, XSetWindowAttributes - create win-
dows and window attributes structure
SYNTAX
Window XCreateWindow(Display *display, Window parent, int x, int y, un-
signed int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int border_width,
int depth, unsigned int class, Visual *visual, unsigned long val-
uemask, XSetWindowAttributes *attributes);
Window XCreateSimpleWindow(Display *display, Window parent, int x, int
y, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int bor-
der_width, unsigned long border, unsigned long background);
ARGUMENTS
attributes
Specifies the structure from which the values (as specified by
the value mask) are to be taken. The value mask should have
the appropriate bits set to indicate which attributes have
been set in the structure.
background
Specifies the background pixel value of the window.
border Specifies the border pixel value of the window.
border_width
Specifies the width of the created window's border in pixels.
class Specifies the created window's class. You can pass InputOut-
put, InputOnly, or CopyFromParent. A class of CopyFromParent
means the class is taken from the parent.
depth Specifies the window's depth. A depth of CopyFromParent means
the depth is taken from the parent.
display Specifies the connection to the X server.
parent Specifies the parent window.
valuemask Specifies which window attributes are defined in the attrib-
utes argument. This mask is the bitwise inclusive OR of the
valid attribute mask bits. If valuemask is zero, the attrib-
utes are ignored and are not referenced.
visual Specifies the visual type. A visual of CopyFromParent means
the visual type is taken from the parent.
width
height Specify the width and height, which are the created window's
inside dimensions and do not include the created window's bor-
ders.
x
y Specify the x and y coordinates, which are the top-left out-
side corner of the window's borders and are relative to the
inside of the parent window's borders.
DESCRIPTION
The XCreateWindow function creates an unmapped subwindow for a specified
parent window, returns the window ID of the created window, and causes
the X server to generate a CreateNotify event. The created window is
placed on top in the stacking order with respect to siblings.
The coordinate system has the X axis horizontal and the Y axis vertical
with the origin [0, 0] at the upper-left corner. Coordinates are inte-
gral, in terms of pixels, and coincide with pixel centers. Each window
and pixmap has its own coordinate system. For a window, the origin is
inside the border at the inside, upper-left corner.
The border_width for an InputOnly window must be zero, or a BadMatch er-
ror results. For class InputOutput, the visual type and depth must be a
combination supported for the screen, or a BadMatch error results. The
depth need not be the same as the parent, but the parent must not be a
window of class InputOnly, or a BadMatch error results. For an Inpu-
tOnly window, the depth must be zero, and the visual must be one sup-
ported by the screen. If either condition is not met, a BadMatch error
results. The parent window, however, may have any depth and class. If
you specify any invalid window attribute for a window, a BadMatch error
results.
The created window is not yet displayed (mapped) on the user's display.
To display the window, call XMapWindow. The new window initially uses
the same cursor as its parent. A new cursor can be defined for the new
window by calling XDefineCursor. The window will not be visible on the
screen unless it and all of its ancestors are mapped and it is not ob-
scured by any of its ancestors.
XCreateWindow can generate BadAlloc BadColor, BadCursor, BadMatch, Bad-
Pixmap, BadValue, and BadWindow errors.
The XCreateSimpleWindow function creates an unmapped InputOutput subwin-
dow for a specified parent window, returns the window ID of the created
window, and causes the X server to generate a CreateNotify event. The
created window is placed on top in the stacking order with respect to
siblings. Any part of the window that extends outside its parent window
is clipped. The border_width for an InputOnly window must be zero, or a
BadMatch error results. XCreateSimpleWindow inherits its depth, class,
and visual from its parent. All other window attributes, except back-
ground and border, have their default values.
XCreateSimpleWindow can generate BadAlloc, BadMatch, BadValue, and Bad-
Window errors.
STRUCTURES
The XSetWindowAttributes structure contains:
/* Window attribute value mask bits */
#de- CWBackPixmap (1L<<0)
fine
#de- CWBackPixel (1L<<1)
fine
#de- CWBorderPixmap (1L<<2)
fine
#de- CWBorderPixel (1L<<3)
fine
#de- CWBitGravity (1L<<4)
fine
#de- CWWinGravity (1L<<5)
fine
#de- CWBackingStore (1L<<6)
fine
#de- CWBackingPlanes (1L<<7)
fine
#de- CWBackingPixel (1L<<8)
fine
#de- CWOverrideRedirect (1L<<9)
fine
#de- CWSaveUnder (1L<<10)
fine
#de- CWEventMask (1L<<11)
fine
#de- CWDontPropagate (1L<<12)
fine
#de- CWColormap (1L<<13)
fine
#de- CWCursor (1L<<14)
fine
/* Values */
typedef struct {
Pixmap background_pixmap; /* background, None, or ParentRelative */
unsigned long background_pixel; /* background pixel */
Pixmap border_pixmap; /* border of the window or CopyFromParent */
unsigned long border_pixel; /* border pixel value */
int bit_gravity; /* one of bit gravity values */
int win_gravity; /* one of the window gravity values */
int backing_store; /* NotUseful, WhenMapped, Always */
unsigned long backing_planes; /* planes to be preserved if possible */
unsigned long backing_pixel; /* value to use in restoring planes */
Bool save_under; /* should bits under be saved? (popups) */
long event_mask; /* set of events that should be saved */
long do_not_propagate_mask; /* set of events that should not propagate */
Bool override_redirect; /* boolean value for override_redirect */
Colormap colormap; /* color map to be associated with window */
Cursor cursor; /* cursor to be displayed (or None) */
} XSetWindowAttributes;
For a detailed explanation of the members of this structure, see Xlib -
C Language X Interface.
DIAGNOSTICS
BadAlloc The server failed to allocate the requested resource or server
memory.
BadColor A value for a Colormap argument does not name a defined Col-
ormap.
BadCursor A value for a Cursor argument does not name a defined Cursor.
BadMatch The values do not exist for an InputOnly window.
BadMatch Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and
range but fails to match in some other way required by the re-
quest.
BadPixmap A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap.
BadValue Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted
by the request. Unless a specific range is specified for an
argument, the full range defined by the argument's type is ac-
cepted. Any argument defined as a set of alternatives can
generate this error.
BadWindow A value for a Window argument does not name a defined Window.
SEE ALSO
XChangeWindowAttributes(3), XConfigureWindow(3), XDefineCursor(3), XDe-
stroyWindow(3), XMapWindow(3), XRaiseWindow(3), XUnmapWindow(3)
Xlib - C Language X Interface
X Version 11 libX11 1.8.12 XCreateWindow(3)
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