cupsd.conf(5) OpenPrinting cupsd.conf(5)
NAME
cupsd.conf - server configuration file for cups
DESCRIPTION
The cupsd.conf file configures the CUPS scheduler, cupsd(8). It is
normally located in the /etc/cups directory. Each line in the file can
be a configuration directive, a blank line, or a comment. Configura-
tion directives typically consist of a name and zero or more values
separated by whitespace. The configuration directive name and values
are case-insensitive. Comment lines start with the # character.
TOP-LEVEL DIRECTIVES
The following top-level directives are understood by cupsd(8):
AccessLogLevel config
AccessLogLevel actions
AccessLogLevel all
Specifies the logging level for the AccessLog file. The "config"
level logs when printers and classes are added, deleted, or modi-
fied and when configuration files are accessed or updated. The
"actions" level logs when print jobs are submitted, held, re-
leased, modified, or canceled, and any of the conditions for "con-
fig". The "all" level logs all requests. The default access log
level is "actions".
AutoPurgeJobs Yes
AutoPurgeJobs No
Specifies whether to purge job history data automatically when it
is no longer required for quotas. The default is "No".
BrowseDNSSDSubTypes_subtype[,...]
Specifies a list of Bonjour sub-types to advertise for each shared
printer. For example, "BrowseDNSSDSubTypes _cups,_print" will
tell network clients that both CUPS sharing and IPP Everywhere are
supported. The default is "_cups" which is necessary for printer
sharing to work between systems using CUPS.
BrowseLocalProtocols all
BrowseLocalProtocols dnssd
BrowseLocalProtocols none
Specifies which protocols to use for local printer sharing. The
default is "dnssd" on systems that support Bonjour and "none" oth-
erwise.
BrowseWebIF Yes
BrowseWebIF No
Specifies whether the CUPS web interface is advertised. The de-
fault is "No".
Browsing Yes
Browsing No
Specifies whether shared printers are advertised. The default is
"No".
DefaultAuthType Basic
Specifies the default type of authentication to use. The default
is "Basic".
DefaultEncryption Never
DefaultEncryption IfRequested
DefaultEncryption Required
Specifies whether encryption will be used for authenticated re-
quests. The default is "Required".
DefaultLanguage locale
Specifies the default language to use for text and web content.
The default is "en".
DefaultPaperSize Auto
DefaultPaperSize None
DefaultPaperSize sizename
Specifies the default paper size for new print queues. "Auto" uses
a locale-specific default, while "None" specifies there is no de-
fault paper size. Specific size names are typically "Letter" or
"A4". The default is "Auto". Note: The default paper size must
use a size name from the PPD file and not a PWG self-describing
media size name.
DefaultPolicy policy-name
Specifies the default access policy to use. The default access
policy is "default".
DefaultShared Yes
DefaultShared No
Specifies whether local printers are shared by default. The de-
fault is "Yes".
DirtyCleanInterval seconds
Specifies the delay for updating of configuration and state files.
A value of 0 causes the update to happen as soon as possible, typ-
ically within a few milliseconds. The default value is "30".
DNSSDHostNamehostname.example.com
Specifies the fully-qualified domain name for the server that is
used for Bonjour sharing. The default is typically the server's
".local" hostname.
ErrorPolicy abort-job
Specifies that a failed print job should be aborted (discarded)
unless otherwise specified for the printer.
ErrorPolicy retry-current-job
Specifies that a failed print job should be retried immediately
unless otherwise specified for the printer.
ErrorPolicy retry-job
Specifies that a failed print job should be retried at a later
time unless otherwise specified for the printer.
ErrorPolicy stop-printer
Specifies that a failed print job should stop the printer unless
otherwise specified for the printer. The 'stop-printer' error pol-
icy is the default.
FilterLimit limit
Specifies the maximum cost of filters that are run concurrently,
which can be used to minimize disk, memory, and CPU resource prob-
lems. A limit of 0 disables filter limiting. An average print to
a non-PostScript printer needs a filter limit of about 200. A
PostScript printer needs about half that (100). Setting the limit
below these thresholds will effectively limit the scheduler to
printing a single job at any time. The default limit is "0".
FilterNice nice-value
Specifies the scheduling priority ( nice(8) value) of filters that
are run to print a job. The nice value ranges from 0, the highest
priority, to 19, the lowest priority. The default is 0.
HostNameLookups On
HostNameLookups Off
HostNameLookups Double
Specifies whether to do reverse lookups on connecting clients.
The "Double" setting causes cupsd(8) to verify that the hostname
resolved from the address matches one of the addresses returned
for that hostname. Double lookups also prevent clients with un-
registered addresses from connecting to your server. The default
is "Off" to avoid the potential server performance problems with
hostname lookups. Only set this option to "On" or "Double" if ab-
solutely required.
IdleExitTimeout seconds
Specifies the length of time to wait before shutting down due to
inactivity. The default is "60" seconds. Note: Only applicable
when cupsd(8) is run on-demand (e.g., with -l).
JobKillDelay seconds
Specifies the number of seconds to wait before killing the filters
and backend associated with a canceled or held job. The default
is "30".
JobRetryInterval seconds
Specifies the interval between retries of jobs in seconds. This
is typically used for fax queues but can also be used with normal
print queues whose error policy is "retry-job" or "retry-current-
job". The default is "30".
JobRetryLimit count
Specifies the number of retries that are done for jobs. This is
typically used for fax queues but can also be used with normal
print queues whose error policy is "retry-job" or "retry-current-
job". The default is "5".
KeepAlive Yes
KeepAlive No
Specifies whether to support HTTP keep-alive connections. The de-
fault is "Yes".
<Limit operation ...> ... </Limit>
Specifies the IPP operations that are being limited inside a Pol-
icy section. IPP operation names are listed below in the section
"IPP OPERATION NAMES".
<Limit method ...> ... </Limit>
<LimitExcept method ...> ... </LimitExcept>
Specifies the HTTP methods that are being limited inside a Loca-
tion section. HTTP method names are listed below in the section
"HTTP METHOD NAMES".
LimitRequestBody size
Specifies the maximum size of print files, IPP requests, and HTML
form data. The default is "0" which disables the limit check.
Listen ipv4-address:port
Listen [ipv6-address]:port
Listen *:port
Listen /path/to/domain/socket
Listens to the specified address and port or domain socket path
for connections. Multiple Listen directives can be provided to
listen on multiple addresses. The Listen directive is similar to
the Port directive but allows you to restrict access to specific
interfaces or networks. Note: "Listen *:port" and "Port port" ef-
fectively listen on all IP addresses, so you cannot combine them
with Listen directives for explicit IPv4 or IPv6 addresses on the
same port.
<Location /path> ... </Location>
Specifies access control for the named location. Paths are docu-
mented below in the section "LOCATION PATHS".
LogDebugHistory number
Specifies the number of debugging messages that are retained for
logging if an error occurs in a print job. Debug messages are
logged regardless of the LogLevel setting.
LogLevel none
LogLevel emerg
LogLevel alert
LogLevel crit
LogLevel error
LogLevel warn
LogLevel notice
LogLevel info
LogLevel debug
LogLevel debug2
Specifies the level of logging for the ErrorLog file. The value
"none" stops all logging while "debug2" logs everything. The de-
fault is "warn".
LogTimeFormat standard
LogTimeFormat usecs
Specifies the format of the date and time in the log files. The
value "standard" is the default and logs whole seconds while
"usecs" logs microseconds.
MaxClients number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous clients that are al-
lowed by the scheduler. The default is "100".
MaxClientsPerHost number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous clients that are al-
lowed from a single address. The default is the MaxClients value.
MaxCopies number
Specifies the maximum number of copies that a user can print of
each job. The default is "9999".
MaxHoldTime seconds
Specifies the maximum time a job may remain in the "indefinite"
hold state before it is canceled. The default is "0" which dis-
ables cancellation of held jobs.
MaxJobs number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous jobs that are al-
lowed. Set to "0" to allow an unlimited number of jobs. The de-
fault is "500".
MaxJobsPerPrinter number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous jobs that are allowed
per printer. The default is "0" which allows up to MaxJobs jobs
per printer.
MaxJobsPerUser number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous jobs that are allowed
per user. The default is "0" which allows up to MaxJobs jobs per
user.
MaxJobTime seconds
Specifies the maximum time a job may take to print before it is
canceled. Set to "0" to disable cancellation of "stuck" jobs.
The default is "10800" (3 hours).
MaxLogSize size
Specifies the maximum size of the log files before they are ro-
tated. The value "0" disables log rotation. The default is
"1048576" (1MB).
MaxSubscriptions number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous event subscriptions
that are allowed. Set to "0" to allow an unlimited number of sub-
scriptions. The default is "100".
MaxSubscriptionsPerJob number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous event subscriptions
that are allowed per job. The default is "0" which allows up to
MaxSubscriptions subscriptions per job.
MaxSubscriptionsPerPrinter number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous event subscriptions
that are allowed per printer. The default is "0" which allows up
to MaxSubscriptions subscriptions per printer.
MaxSubscriptionsPerUser number
Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous event subscriptions
that are allowed per user. The default is "0" which allows up to
MaxSubscriptions subscriptions per user.
MultipleOperationTimeout seconds
Specifies the maximum amount of time to allow between files in a
multiple file print job. The default is "900" (15 minutes).
<Policy name> ... </Policy>
Specifies access control for the named policy.
Port number
Listens to the specified port number for connections.
PreserveJobFiles Yes
PreserveJobFiles No
PreserveJobFiles seconds
Specifies whether job files (documents) are preserved after a job
is printed. If a numeric value is specified, job files are pre-
served for the indicated number of seconds after printing. The
default is "86400" (preserve 1 day).
PreserveJobHistory Yes
PreserveJobHistory No
PreserveJobHistory seconds
Specifies whether the job history is preserved after a job is
printed. If a numeric value is specified, the job history is pre-
served for the indicated number of seconds after printing. If
"Yes", the job history is preserved until the MaxJobs limit is
reached. The default is "Yes".
ReadyPaperSizes sizename[,...]
Specifies a list of potential paper sizes that are reported as
"ready" (loaded). The actual list will only contain sizes that
each printer supports. The default is "Letter,Le-
gal,Tabloid,4x6,Env10" when the default paper size is "Letter" and
"A3,A4,A5,A6,EnvDL" otherwise. Note: Paper sizes must use the
size names from the PPD file and not PWG self-describing media
size names.
ReloadTimeout seconds
Specifies the amount of time to wait for job completion before
restarting the scheduler. The default is "30".
ServerAdmin email-address
Specifies the email address of the server administrator. The de-
fault value is "root@ServerName".
ServerAlias hostname [ ... hostname ]
ServerAlias *
The ServerAlias directive is used for HTTP Host header validation
when clients connect to the scheduler from external interfaces.
Using the special name "*" can expose your system to known
browser-based DNS rebinding attacks, even when accessing sites
through a firewall. If the auto-discovery of alternate names does
not work, we recommend listing each alternate name with a Server-
Alias directive instead of using "*".
ServerName hostname
Specifies the fully-qualified hostname of the server. The default
is the value reported by the hostname(1) command.
ServerTokens None
ServerTokens ProductOnly
ServerTokens Major
ServerTokens Minor
ServerTokens Minimal
ServerTokens OS
ServerTokens Full
Specifies what information is included in the Server header of
HTTP responses. "None" disables the Server header. "ProductOnly"
reports "CUPS". "Major" reports "CUPS/major IPP/2". "Minor" re-
ports "CUPS/major.minor IPP/2.1". "Minimal" reports "CUPS/ma-
jor.minor.patch IPP/2.1". "OS" reports "CUPS/major.minor.path
(osname osversion) IPP/2.1". "Full" reports "CUPS/major.mi-
nor.path (osname osversion; architecture) IPP/2.1". The default
is "Minimal".
SSLListen ipv4-address:port
SSLListen [ipv6-address]:port
SSLListen *:port
Listens on the specified address and port for encrypted connec-
tions.
SSLOptions [AllowDH] [AllowRC4] [AllowSSL3] [DenyCBC] [DenyTLS1.0]
[MaxTLS1.0] [MaxTLS1.1] [MaxTLS1.2] [MaxTLS1.3] [MinTLS1.0] [MinTLS1.1]
[MinTLS1.2] [MinTLS1.3]
SSLOptions None
Sets encryption options (only in /etc/cups/client.conf). By de-
fault, CUPS only supports encryption using TLS v1.0 or higher us-
ing known secure cipher suites. Security is reduced when Allow
options are used. Security is enhanced when Deny options are
used. The AllowDH option enables cipher suites using plain
Diffie-Hellman key negotiation (not supported on systems using GNU
TLS). The AllowRC4 option enables the 128-bit RC4 cipher suites,
which are required for some older clients. The AllowSSL3 option
enables SSL v3.0, which is required for some older clients that do
not support TLS v1.0. The DenyCBC option disables all CBC cipher
suites. The DenyTLS1.0 option disables TLS v1.0 support - this
sets the minimum protocol version to TLS v1.1. The MinTLS options
set the minimum TLS version to support. The MaxTLS options set
the maximum TLS version to support. Not all operating systems
support TLS 1.3 at this time.
SSLPort port
Listens on the specified port for encrypted connections.
StrictConformance Yes
StrictConformance No
Specifies whether the scheduler requires clients to strictly ad-
here to the IPP specifications. The default is "No".
Timeout seconds
Specifies the HTTP request timeout. The default is "900" (15 min-
utes).
WebInterface yes
WebInterface no
Specifies whether the web interface is enabled. The default is
"No".
HTTP METHOD NAMES
The following HTTP methods are supported by cupsd(8):
GET Used by a client to download icons and other printer resources and
to access the CUPS web interface.
HEAD Used by a client to get the type, size, and modification date of
resources.
OPTIONS
Used by a client to establish a secure (SSL/TLS) connection.
POST Used by a client to submit IPP requests and HTML forms from the
CUPS web interface.
PUT Used by a client to upload configuration files.
IPP OPERATION NAMES
The following IPP operations are supported by cupsd(8):
CUPS-Accept-Jobs
Allows a printer to accept new jobs.
CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
Adds or modifies a printer class.
CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer
Adds or modifies a printer.
CUPS-Authenticate-Job
Releases a job that is held for authentication.
CUPS-Delete-Class
Deletes a printer class.
CUPS-Delete-Printer
Deletes a printer.
CUPS-Get-Classes
Gets a list of printer classes.
CUPS-Get-Default
Gets the server default printer or printer class.
CUPS-Get-Devices
Gets a list of devices that are currently available.
CUPS-Get-Document
Gets a document file for a job.
CUPS-Get-PPD
Gets a PPD file.
CUPS-Get-PPDs
Gets a list of installed PPD files.
CUPS-Get-Printers
Gets a list of printers.
CUPS-Move-Job
Moves a job.
CUPS-Reject-Jobs
Prevents a printer from accepting new jobs.
CUPS-Set-Default
Sets the server default printer or printer class.
Cancel-Job
Cancels a job.
Cancel-Jobs
Cancels one or more jobs.
Cancel-My-Jobs
Cancels one or more jobs creates by a user.
Cancel-Subscription
Cancels a subscription.
Close-Job
Closes a job that is waiting for more documents.
Create-Job
Creates a new job with no documents.
Create-Job-Subscriptions
Creates a subscription for job events.
Create-Printer-Subscriptions
Creates a subscription for printer events.
Get-Job-Attributes
Gets information about a job.
Get-Jobs
Gets a list of jobs.
Get-Notifications
Gets a list of event notifications for a subscription.
Get-Printer-Attributes
Gets information about a printer or printer class.
Get-Subscription-Attributes
Gets information about a subscription.
Get-Subscriptions
Gets a list of subscriptions.
Hold-Job
Holds a job from printing.
Hold-New-Jobs
Holds all new jobs from printing.
Pause-Printer
Stops processing of jobs by a printer or printer class.
Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job
Stops processing of jobs by a printer or printer class after the
current job is finished.
Print-Job
Creates a new job with a single document.
Purge-Jobs
Cancels one or more jobs and deletes the job history.
Release-Held-New-Jobs
Allows previously held jobs to print.
Release-Job
Allows a job to print.
Renew-Subscription
Renews a subscription.
Restart-Job
Reprints a job, if possible.
Send-Document
Adds a document to a job.
Set-Job-Attributes
Changes job information.
Set-Printer-Attributes
Changes printer or printer class information.
Validate-Job
Validates options for a new job.
LOCATION PATHS
The following paths are commonly used when configuring cupsd(8):
/ The path for all get operations (get-printers, get-jobs, etc.)
/admin
The path for all administration operations (add-printer, delete-
printer, start-printer, etc.)
/admin/conf
The path for access to the CUPS configuration files (cupsd.conf,
client.conf, etc.)
/admin/log
The path for access to the CUPS log files (access_log, error_log,
page_log)
/classes
The path for all printer classes
/classes/name
The resource for the named printer class
/jobs
The path for all jobs (hold-job, release-job, etc.)
/jobs/id
The path for the specified job
/printers
The path for all printers
/printers/name
The path for the named printer
/printers/name.png
The icon file path for the named printer
/printers/name.ppd
The PPD file path for the named printer
DIRECTIVES VALID WITHIN LOCATION AND LIMIT SECTIONS
The following directives may be placed inside Location and Limit sec-
tions in the cupsd.conf file:
Allow all
Allow none
Allow host.domain.com
Allow *.domain.com
Allow ipv4-address
Allow ipv4-address/netmask
Allow ipv4-address/mm
Allow [ipv6-address]
Allow [ipv6-address]/mm
Allow @IF(name)
Allow @LOCAL
Allows access from the named hosts, domains, addresses, or inter-
faces. The @IF(name) form uses the current subnets configured for
the named interface. The @LOCAL form uses the current subnets
configured for all interfaces that are not point-to-point, for ex-
ample Ethernet and Wi-Fi interfaces are used but DSL and VPN in-
terfaces are not. The Order directive controls whether Allow
lines are evaluated before or after Deny lines.
AuthType None
AuthType Basic
AuthType Default
Specifies the type of authentication required. The value "De-
fault" corresponds to the DefaultAuthType value.
Deny all
Deny none
Deny host.domain.com
Deny *.domain.com
Deny ipv4-address
Deny ipv4-address/netmask
Deny ipv4-address/mm
Deny [ipv6-address]
Deny [ipv6-address]/mm
Deny @IF(name)
Deny @LOCAL
Denies access from the named hosts, domains, addresses, or inter-
faces. The @IF(name) form uses the current subnets configured for
the named interface. The @LOCAL form uses the current subnets
configured for all interfaces that are not point-to-point, for ex-
ample Ethernet and Wi-Fi interfaces are used but DSL and VPN in-
terfaces are not. The Order directive controls whether Deny lines
are evaluated before or after Allow lines.
Encryption IfRequested
Encryption Never
Encryption Required
Specifies the level of encryption that is required for a particu-
lar location. The default value is "IfRequested".
Order allow,deny
Specifies that access is denied by default. Allow lines are then
processed followed by Deny lines to determine whether a client may
access a particular resource.
Order deny,allow
Specifies that access is allowed by default. Deny lines are then
processed followed by Allow lines to determine whether a client
may access a particular resource.
Require group group-name [ group-name ... ]
Specifies that an authenticated user must be a member of one of
the named groups.
Require user {user-name|@group-name} ...
Specifies that an authenticated user must match one of the named
users or be a member of one of the named groups. The group name
"@SYSTEM" corresponds to the list of groups defined by the System-
Group directive in the cups-files.conf(5) file. The group name
"@OWNER" corresponds to the owner of the resource, for example the
person that submitted a print job. Note: The 'root' user is not
special and must be granted privileges like any other user ac-
count.
Require valid-user
Specifies that any authenticated user is acceptable.
Satisfy all
Specifies that all Allow, AuthType, Deny, Order, and Require con-
ditions must be satisfied to allow access.
Satisfy any
Specifies that any a client may access a resource if either the
authentication (AuthType/Require) or address (Allow/Deny/Order)
conditions are satisfied. For example, this can be used to re-
quire authentication only for remote accesses.
DIRECTIVES VALID WITHIN POLICY SECTIONS
The following directives may be placed inside Policy sections in the
cupsd.conf file:
JobPrivateAccess all
JobPrivateAccess default
JobPrivateAccess {user|@group|@ACL|@OWNER|@SYSTEM} ...
Specifies an access list for a job's private values. The "de-
fault" access list is "@OWNER @SYSTEM". "@ACL" maps to the
printer's requesting-user-name-allowed or requesting-user-name-de-
nied values. "@OWNER" maps to the job's owner. "@SYSTEM" maps to
the groups listed for the SystemGroup directive in the cups-
files.conf(5) file.
JobPrivateValues all
JobPrivateValues default
JobPrivateValues none
JobPrivateValues attribute-name [ ... attribute-name ]
Specifies the list of job values to make private. The "default"
values are "job-name", "job-originating-host-name", "job-originat-
ing-user-name", and "phone".
SubscriptionPrivateAccess all
SubscriptionPrivateAccess default
SubscriptionPrivateAccess {user|@group|@ACL|@OWNER|@SYSTEM} ...
Specifies an access list for a subscription's private values. The
"default" access list is "@OWNER @SYSTEM". "@ACL" maps to the
printer's requesting-user-name-allowed or requesting-user-name-de-
nied values. "@OWNER" maps to the job's owner. "@SYSTEM" maps to
the groups listed for the SystemGroup directive in the cups-
files.conf(5) file.
SubscriptionPrivateValues all
SubscriptionPrivateValues default
SubscriptionPrivateValues none
SubscriptionPrivateValues attribute-name [ ... attribute-name ]
Specifies the list of subscription values to make private. The
"default" values are "notify-events", "notify-pull-method", "no-
tify-recipient-uri", "notify-subscriber-user-name", and "notify-
user-data".
DEPRECATED DIRECTIVES
The following directives are deprecated and will be removed in a future
release of CUPS:
AuthType Negotiate
Specifies Kerberos authentication is required.
Classification banner
Specifies the security classification of the server. Any valid
banner name can be used, including "classified", "confidential",
"secret", "topsecret", and "unclassified", or the banner can be
omitted to disable secure printing functions. The default is no
classification banner.
ClassifyOverride Yes
ClassifyOverride No
Specifies whether users may override the classification (cover
page) of individual print jobs using the "job-sheets" option. The
default is "No".
DefaultAuthType Negotiate
Specifies that Kerberos authentication is required by default.
GSSServiceName name
Specifies the service name when using Kerberos authentication.
The default service name is "http."
PageLogFormat format-string
Specifies the format of PageLog lines. Sequences beginning with
percent (%) characters are replaced with the corresponding infor-
mation, while all other characters are copied literally. The fol-
lowing percent sequences are recognized:
"%%" inserts a single percent character.
"%{name}" inserts the value of the specified IPP attribute.
"%C" inserts the number of copies for the current page.
"%P" inserts the current page number.
"%T" inserts the current date and time in common log format.
"%j" inserts the job ID.
"%p" inserts the printer name.
"%u" inserts the username.
The default is the empty string, which disables page logging. The
string "%p %u %j %T %P %C %{job-billing} %{job-originating-host-
name} %{job-name} %{media} %{sides}" creates a page log with the
standard items. Use "%{job-impressions-completed}" to insert the
number of pages (sides) that were printed, or "%{job-media-sheets-
completed}" to insert the number of sheets that were printed.
NOTES
File, directory, and user configuration directives that used to be al-
lowed in the cupsd.conf file are now stored in the cups-files.conf(5)
file instead in order to prevent certain types of privilege escalation
attacks.
The scheduler MUST be restarted manually after making changes to the
cupsd.conf file. On Linux this is typically done using the system-
ctl(8) command, while on macOS the launchctl(8) command is used in-
stead.
The @LOCAL macro name can be confusing since the system running cupsd
often belongs to a different set of subnets from its clients.
CONFORMING TO
The cupsd.conf file format is based on the Apache HTTP Server configu-
ration file format.
EXAMPLES
Log everything with a maximum log file size of 32 megabytes:
AccessLogLevel all
LogLevel debug2
MaxLogSize 32m
Require authentication for accesses from outside the 10. network:
<Location />
Order allow,deny
Allow from 10./8
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user
Satisfy any
</Location>
SEE ALSO
classes.conf(5), cups-files.conf(5), cupsd(8), mime.convs(5),
mime.types(5), printers.conf(5), subscriptions.conf(5), CUPS Online
Help (http://localhost:631/help)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2020-2022 by OpenPrinting.
2021-10-01 CUPS cupsd.conf(5)
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