KONWERT(1) Linux User's Manual KONWERT(1)
NAME
konwert - interface for various character encoding conversions
SYNOPSIS
konwert FILTER [FILE]... [-o DEST | -O]
DESCRIPTION
Konwert allows filtering multiple files through multiple filters. It
filters the specified FILEs, or stdin if none are given.
Simple FILTER is the name of an executable file from the directory
~/.konwert/filters or the system-wide one, normally /usr/share/kon-
wert/filters. Such program itself filters stdin to stdout.
The filtering rule can be more complex:
konwert FILTER1+FILTER2 means konwert FILTER1 | konwert FILTER2.
konwert FORMAT1-FORMAT2, unless such filter exists, tries to find a com-
mon FORMAT3, such that both filters FORMAT1-FORMAT3 and FORMAT3-FORMAT1
do exist.
konwert FILTER/ARG/... passes arguments to the filter. Arguments can
also be specified here: FORMAT1/ARGS-FORMAT2. The meaning of arguments
depends on the particular filter.
konwert '(COMMAND ARGS...)' executes this arbitrary shell command. This
is useful with -o or -O options. The command cannot contain the string
)+, which will terminate this filter's specification.
OPTIONS
-o DEST output goes to this file/directory instead of stdout
-O every input file is replaced with its translation
--help display help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Redirecting output to one of the source files with either -o or > in-
stead of -O will corrupt it! Option -O creates a temporary file in /tmp
and later copies it back onto the source.
CHARACTER ENCODING CONVERSIONS
You can convert text between any two charsets, for example konwert
cp437-iso2.
Characters unavailable in the target charset will be substituted with
approximations with available ones. The approximations need not be sin-
gle characters.
The following character sets are currently supported:
ascii 7bit ASCII
utf8 = unicode Unicode UTF-8
iso1 = isolatin1
ISO-8859-1 aka ISO Latin 1 (Western European)
iso2 = isolatin2
ISO-8859-2 aka ISO Latin 2 (Central European)
iso3 = isolatin3
ISO-8859-3 aka ISO Latin 3 (Esperanto)
iso4 = isolatin4
ISO-8859-4 aka ISO Latin 4 (Baltic)
iso5 = isolatincyr
ISO-8859-5 (Cyrillic)
iso6 = isolatinarabic
ISO-8859-6 (Arabic)
iso7 = isolatingreek
ISO-8859-7 (Greek)
iso8 = isolatinhebrew
ISO-8859-8 (Hebrew)
iso9 = isolatin5 = isolatintur
ISO-8859-9 aka ISO Latin 5 (Turkish)
iso10 = isolatin6 = isolatinnordic
ISO-8859-10 aka ISO Latin 6 (Nordic)
iso12 = isolatin7 = isolatinceltic
ISO-8859-12 aka ISO Latin 6 (Celtic) - Draft
iso13 = isolatin8 = isolatinbaltic
ISO-8859-13 aka ISO Latin 6 (Baltic) - Draft
iso14 = isolatin9 = isolatinsami
ISO-8859-14 aka ISO Latin 6 (Sámi) - Draft
iso15 ISO-8859-15 - Draft
koi8r KOI8-R (Russian)
koi8u KOI8-U (Ukrainian, Byelorussian)
koi8uni KOI8-Uni (Cyrillic)
cp1250 = wince = winlatin2 Windows CP-1250 aka Win Latin 2 (Central
European)
cp1251 = wincyr Windows CP-1251 (Cyrillic)
cp1252 = winwest = winlatin1 Windows CP-1252 aka Win Latin 1 (Western
European)
cp1253 = wingr Windows CP-1253 (Greek)
cp1254 = wintur Windows CP-1254 (Turkish)
cp1255 = winhebrew Windows CP-1255 (Hebrew)
cp1256 = winarabic Windows CP-1256 (Arabic)
cp1257 = winbaltic Windows CP-1257 (Baltic)
cp1258 = winviet Windows CP-1258 (Vietnamese)
cp437 = icmeng DOS CP-437 (English)
cp737 = dosgreek DOS CP-737 (Greek)
cp775 = dosbaltic DOS CP-775 (Baltic)
cp850 = doswest = doslatin1 DOS CP-850 aka DOS Latin 1 (Western Euro-
pean)
cp852 = dosce = doslatin2 DOS CP-852 aka DOS Latin 2 (Central Euro-
pean)
cp855 = doscyr DOS CP-855 (Cyrillic)
cp857 = dostur DOS CP-857 (Turkish)
cp860 = dosportugal DOS CP-860 (Portugal)
cp861 = dosiceland DOS CP-861 (Icelandic)
cp862 = doshebrew DOS CP-862 (Hebrew)
cp863 = doscanadfr DOS CP-863 (Canadian French)
cp864 = dosarabic DOS CP-864 (Arabic)
cp865 = dosnordic DOS CP-865 (Nordic)
cp866 = dosrussian DOS CP-866 (Russian)
cp869 = dosgreek2 DOS CP-869 (Greek2)
cp874 = dosthai DOS CP-874 (Thai)
mac Macintosh Roman (Western European)
macce Macintosh Central European
maccyr Macintosh Cyrillic
macgreek Macintosh Greek
maciceland Macintosh Icelandic
mactur Macintosh Turkish
csk,
cyfromat,
dhn,
fidomazovia,
iea,
logic,
mazovia,
microvex DOS charsets for Polish
amigapl,
fat,
xjp Amiga charsets for Polish
kamenicky DOS charset for Czech and Slovak
wingreek WinGreek (Windows font-based encoding for ancient Greek)
babelpl TeX [polish]{babel}: "a"c"e"l"n"o"s"z"r
ciachy TeX \prefixing: /a/c/e/l/n/o/s/x/z
xmetodo Esperanto: cx gx hx jx sx ux (vx w)
hmetodo Esperanto: ch gh hh jh sh u
antauxcxap Esperanto: ^c ^g ^h ^j ^s ^u (~u)
postcxap Esperanto: c^ g^ h^ j^ s^ u^ (u~)
apostrofoj Esperanto: c' g' h' j' s' u'
malapostrofoj Esperanto: c` g` h` j` s` u`
viscii VISCII (Vietnamese)
viqri Vietnamese Quoted Readable Implicit
htmldec SGML/HTML character references (decimal): Æ ě →
htmlhex SGML/HTML character references (hexadecimal): Æ ě
→
htmlent SGML/HTML character entities (names): Æ &ecaron →
html All three above (only as input format)
tex TeX with some LaTeX or AMS-TeX extensions. There is no distinc-
tion between normal and math mode - you will probably have to in-
sert some $'s manually.
mnemonic RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by &
mnemonic1 RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by `
any/LANGUAGE (e.g. any/pl-iso2)
This special input format will detect the encoding automatically,
basing on the frequencies of characters found in text. Every lan-
guage is associated with a set of possible encodings used for it
and average frequencies of its letters (excluding ASCII letters).
The best fitting encoding is used for conversion. Currently sup-
ported languages are cs (Czech), de (German), el (Greek), eo (Es-
peranto), es (Spanish), fr (French), he (Hebrew), it (Italian),
pl (Polish), pt (Portuguese), ru (Russian), and sv (Swedish).
varpl Mixed Polish ISO-8859-2, CP-1250, and UTF-8. If you are reading
Polish newsgroups I suggest putting it as a filter in your news-
reader (for speed improvement it's better to call it directly,
rather than through konwert).
vareo Mixed various Esperanto encodings.
OPTIONS CONTROLLING THE ABOVE CONVERSIONS
/1 (e.g. konwert iso2-ascii/1)
Each unavailable character will be replaced only with a single
approximate char, not string. This is useful with the filterm
program or with preformatted text. This option is automatically
turned on when a filter is used as output for filterm.
/html Text is assumed to be HTML. The characters " & < > resulting from
other characters' approximations will be properly escaped as
" & < >. The <META http-equiv="content-type" con-
tent="text/html; charset=..."> header will be fixed if present.
/htmldec
Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in
&#Unicode;.
/htmlhex
Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in
hexadecimal &#xUnicode;.
/tex Unavailable characters will be described in TeX. Characters # $ %
& \ ^ _ { | } ~ resulting from some characters' approximations
will be properly escaped into \# \$ \% \& $\backslash$ \^{} \_ \{
$|$ \} \~{}.
/asciichar
Recognizes some ASCII representations of characters, e.g. (c) ...
1/2 >=.
/rosyjski
Russian text will be replaced with its Polish phonetic transcrip-
tion.
Some output filters can use the language information for choosing better
approximations of unavailable letters, for example /de (German): ä → ae
instead of a.
OTHER FILTERS
any/LANGUAGE-test
Detects the encoding, but instead of text conversion only shows
the encoding's name. The additional option /all shows all possi-
ble encodings, sorted from better to worse ones.
cr
lf
crlf Force specific end-of-line marker convention. cr = Macintosh, lf
= Unix and Amiga, crlf = Windows and DOS. The input convention
is detected automatically.
expand Expands tabs into spaces (uses the textutils program expand).
unexpand
Compresses spaces into tabs (uses the textutils program unex-
pand).
rmspacesateol
Removes spaces and tabs at end of line.
qp-8bit
8bit-qp
MIME Quoted Printable encoding: =A3=F3d=BC.
rtf-8bit
8bit-rtf
Rich Text Format: \'a3\'f3d\'9f.
txt-htmlchar
Escapes " & < > into SGML/HTML entities " & < >.
Useful for including a text file inside HTML <PRE> </PRE> tags.
htmlchar-txt
Reverse.
rot13 Guvf vf n qrzbafgengvba bs ebg13.
toupper
tolower
Self-explanatory. Currently ASCII only.
prn7pl Converts polish chars to control sequences for EPSON-compatible
printer. Using only 7-bit chars, backspacing printer's head and
vertical positioning chars ,.'` it creates pseudo-polish glyphs.
You can specify options: /nlq (default) which optimizes output
for better quality printers and /draft - useful for ex. for
9-nails printer.
FILES
/usr/share/konwert/filters/*
~/.konwert/filters/*
SEE ALSO
trs(1), filterm(1)
BUGS
APPLE character in mac* charsets, and CH and ch characters in koi8cs are
not preserved in conversion even when they are available. Also they
don't respect the /1 option. Reason: they are not in Unicode.
COPYRIGHT
Konwert is a package for conversion between various character encodings.
Copyright (c) 1998 Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL-
ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public Li-
cense for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
AUTHOR
__("< Marcin Kowalczyk * qrczak@knm.org.pl http://qrczak.home.ml.org/
\__/ GCS/M d- s+:-- a21 C+++>+++$ UL++>++++$ P+++ L++>++++$ E->++
^^ W++ N+++ o? K? w(---) O? M- V? PS-- PE++ Y? PGP->+ t
QRCZAK 5? X- R tv-- b+>++ DI D- G+ e>++++ h! r--%>++ y-
Konwert 30 Jul 1998 KONWERT(1)
Generated by dwww version 1.16 on Sat Oct 3 06:00:00 CEST 2026.