PERLCYGWIN(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLCYGWIN(1)
NAME
perlcygwin - Perl for Cygwin
SYNOPSIS
This document will help you configure, make, test and install Perl on
Cygwin. This document also describes features of Cygwin that will
affect how Perl behaves at runtime.
NOTE: There are pre-built Perl packages available for Cygwin and a
version of Perl is provided in the normal Cygwin install. If you do not
need to customize the configuration, consider using one of those
packages.
PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
The Cygwin tools are ports of the popular GNU development tools for
Win32 platforms. They run thanks to the Cygwin library which provides
the UNIX system calls and environment these programs expect. More
information about this project can be found at:
<https://www.cygwin.com/>
A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required.
At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 3.0.7 was current.
Cygwin Configuration
While building Perl some changes may be necessary to your Cygwin setup
so that Perl builds cleanly. These changes are not required for normal
Perl usage.
NOTE: The binaries that are built will run on all Win32 versions. They
do not depend on your host system or your Cygwin configuration
(binary/text mounts, cygserver). The only dependencies come from hard-
coded pathnames like /usr/local. However, your host system and Cygwin
configuration will affect Perl's runtime behavior (see "TEST").
• "PATH"
Set the "PATH" environment variable so that Configure finds the
Cygwin versions of programs. Any not-needed Windows directories
should be removed or moved to the end of your "PATH".
• nroff
If you do not have nroff (which is part of the groff package),
Configure will not prompt you to install man pages.
CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
The default options gathered by Configure with the assistance of
hints/cygwin.sh will build a Perl that supports dynamic loading (which
requires a shared cygperl5_16.dll).
This will run Configure and keep a record:
./Configure 2>&1 | tee log.configure
If you are willing to accept all the defaults run Configure with -de.
However, several useful customizations are available.
Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
It is possible to strip the EXEs and DLLs created by the build process.
The resulting binaries will be significantly smaller. If you want the
binaries to be stripped, you can either add a -s option when Configure
prompts you,
Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s
Any special flags to pass to g++ to create a dynamically loaded
library?
[none] -s
Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s
or you can edit hints/cygwin.sh and uncomment the relevant variables
near the end of the file.
Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
Several Perl functions and modules depend on the existence of some
optional libraries. Configure will find them if they are installed in
one of the directories listed as being used for library searches. Pre-
built packages for most of these are available from the Cygwin
installer.
• "-lcrypt"
The crypt package distributed with Cygwin is a Linux compatible
56-bit DES crypt port by Corinna Vinschen.
Alternatively, the crypt libraries in GNU libc have been ported to
Cygwin.
As of libcrypt 1.3 (March 2016), you will need to install the
libcrypt-devel package for Configure to detect crypt().
• "-lgdbm_compat" ("use GDBM_File")
GDBM is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: The GDBM library only works on NTFS partitions.
• "-ldb" ("use DB_File")
BerkeleyDB is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS
partitions.
• "cygserver" ("use IPC::SysV")
A port of SysV IPC is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: This has not been extensively tested. In particular,
"d_semctl_semun" is undefined because it fails a Configure test. It
also creates a compile time dependency because perl.h includes
<sys/ipc.h> and <sys/sem.h> (which will be required in the future
when compiling CPAN modules). CURRENTLY NOT SUPPORTED!
• "-lutil"
Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils
package which includes libutil.a.
Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
The INSTALL document describes several Configure-time options. Some of
these will work with Cygwin, others are not yet possible. Also, some of
these are experimental. You can either select an option when Configure
prompts you or you can define (undefine) symbols on the command line.
• "-Uusedl"
Undefining this symbol forces Perl to be compiled statically.
• "-Dusemymalloc"
By default Perl does not use the malloc() included with the Perl
source, because it was slower and not entirely thread-safe. If you
want to force Perl to build with the old -Dusemymalloc define this.
• "-Uuseperlio"
Undefining this symbol disables the PerlIO abstraction. PerlIO is
now the default; it is not recommended to disable PerlIO.
• "-Dusemultiplicity"
Multiplicity is required when embedding Perl in a C program and
using more than one interpreter instance. This is only required
when you build a not-threaded perl with "-Uuseithreads".
• "-Uuse64bitint"
By default Perl uses 64 bit integers. If you want to use smaller 32
bit integers, define this symbol.
• "-Duselongdouble"
gcc supports long doubles (12 bytes). However, several additional
long double math functions are necessary to use them within Perl
({atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin,
sqrt}l, strtold). These are not yet available with newlib, the
Cygwin libc.
• "-Uuseithreads"
Define this symbol if you want not-threaded faster perl.
• "-Duselargefiles"
Cygwin uses 64-bit integers for internal size and position
calculations, this will be correctly detected and defined by
Configure.
• "-Dmksymlinks"
Use this to build perl outside of the source tree. Details can be
found in the INSTALL document. This is the recommended way to build
perl from sources.
MAKE ON CYGWIN
Simply run make and wait:
make -jn 2>&1 | tee log.make
where n is the maximum number of simultaneous compilations you want;
omitting this parameter is the same as specifying "-j1".
TEST ON CYGWIN
There are two steps to running the test suite:
make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test
cd t; ./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when
running as "./perl harness", and you can run the tests in parallel by
instead specifying
cd t; TEST_JOBS=n ./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
where n is the maximum number of tests to run simulataneously.
Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin
configuration. If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always
attempted and explainable test failures are documented. It is possible
for Perl to pass all the tests, but it is more likely that some tests
will fail for one of the reasons listed below.
File Permissions on Cygwin
UNIX file permissions are based on sets of mode bits for
{read,write,execute} for each {user,group,other}. By default Cygwin
only tracks the Win32 read-only attribute represented as the UNIX file
user write bit (files are always readable, files are executable if they
have a .{com,bat,exe} extension or begin with "#!", directories are
always readable and executable). On WinNT with the ntea "CYGWIN"
setting, the additional mode bits are stored as extended file
attributes. On WinNT with the default ntsec "CYGWIN" setting,
permissions use the standard WinNT security descriptors and access
control lists. Without one of these options, these tests will fail
(listing not updated yet):
Failed Test List of failed
------------------------------------
io/fs.t 5, 7, 9-10
lib/anydbm.t 2
lib/db-btree.t 20
lib/db-hash.t 16
lib/db-recno.t 18
lib/gdbm.t 2
lib/ndbm.t 2
lib/odbm.t 2
lib/sdbm.t 2
op/stat.t 9, 20 (.tmp not an executable extension)
NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
Do not use NDBM_File or ODBM_File on FAT filesystem. They can be built
on a FAT filesystem, but many tests will fail:
../ext/NDBM_File/ndbm.t 13 3328 71 59 83.10% 1-2 4 16-71
../ext/ODBM_File/odbm.t 255 65280 ?? ?? % ??
../lib/AnyDBM_File.t 2 512 12 2 16.67% 1 4
../lib/Memoize/t/errors.t 0 139 11 5 45.45% 7-11
../lib/Memoize/t/tie_ndbm.t 13 3328 4 4 100.00% 1-4
run/fresh_perl.t 97 1 1.03% 91
If you intend to run only on FAT (or if using AnyDBM_File on FAT), run
Configure with the -Ui_ndbm and -Ui_dbm options to prevent NDBM_File and
ODBM_File being built.
With NTFS (and no CYGWIN=nontsec), there should be no problems even if
perl was built on FAT.
fork() failures in io_* tests
A fork() failure may result in the following tests failing:
ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_multihomed.t
ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sock.t
ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_unix.t
See comment on fork in "Miscellaneous" below.
Specific features of the Cygwin port
Script Portability on Cygwin
Cygwin does an outstanding job of providing UNIX-like semantics on top
of Win32 systems. However, in addition to the items noted above, there
are some differences that you should know about. This is a very brief
guide to portability, more information can be found in the Cygwin
documentation.
• Pathnames
Cygwin pathnames are separated by forward (/) slashes, Universal
Naming Codes (//UNC) are also supported. Since cygwin-1.7 non-POSIX
pathnames should not be used. Names may contain all printable
characters.
File names are case insensitive, but case preserving. A pathname
that contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname, and
not subject to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames,
but cygwin will warn you, so better convert them to POSIX.
For conversion we have Cygwin::win_to_posix_path() and
Cygwin::posix_to_win_path().
Since cygwin-1.7 pathnames are UTF-8 encoded.
• Text/Binary
Since cygwin-1.7 textmounts are deprecated and strongly discouraged.
When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode. In text
mode a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations. With Cygwin,
the default mode for an open() is determined by the mode of the
mount that underlies the file. See "Cygwin::is_binmount"(). Perl
provides a binmode() function to set binary mode on files that
otherwise would be treated as text. sysopen() with the "O_TEXT"
flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as
binary:
sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)
lseek(), tell() and sysseek() only work with files opened in binary
mode.
The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin
documentation.
• PerlIO
PerlIO overrides the default Cygwin Text/Binary behaviour. A file
will always be treated as binary, regardless of the mode of the
mount it lives on, just like it is in UNIX. So CR/LF translation
needs to be requested in either the open() call like this:
open(FH, ">:crlf", "out.txt");
which will do conversion from LF to CR/LF on the output, or in the
environment settings (add this to your .bashrc):
export PERLIO=crlf
which will pull in the crlf PerlIO layer which does LF -> CRLF
conversion on every output generated by perl.
• .exe
The Cygwin stat(), lstat() and readlink() functions make the .exe
extension transparent by looking for foo.exe when you ask for foo
(unless a foo also exists). Cygwin does not require a .exe
extension, but gcc adds it automatically when building a program.
However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., cp in
a makefile) the .exe is not transparent. The install program
included with Cygwin automatically appends a .exe when necessary.
• Cygwin vs. Windows process ids
Cygwin processes have their own pid, which is different from the
underlying windows pid. Most posix compliant Proc functions expect
the cygwin pid, but several Win32::Process functions expect the
winpid. E.g. $$ is the cygwin pid of /usr/bin/perl, which is not the
winpid. Use Cygwin::pid_to_winpid() and Cygwin::winpid_to_pid() to
translate between them.
• Cygwin vs. Windows errors
Under Cygwin, $^E is the same as $!. When using Win32 API
Functions, use Win32::GetLastError() to get the last Windows error.
• rebase errors on fork or system
Using fork() or system() out to another perl after loading multiple
dlls may result on a DLL baseaddress conflict. The internal cygwin
error looks like like the following:
0 [main] perl 8916 child_info_fork::abort: data segment start:
parent (0xC1A000) != child(0xA6A000)
or:
183 [main] perl 3588 C:\cygwin\bin\perl.exe: *** fatal error -
unable to remap C:\cygwin\bin\cygsvn_subr-1-0.dll to same address
as parent(0x6FB30000) != 0x6FE60000 46 [main] perl 3488 fork: child
3588 - died waiting for dll loading, errno11
See <https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.fixing-fork-failures>
It helps if not too many DLLs are loaded in memory so the available
address space is larger, e.g. stopping the MS Internet Explorer
might help.
+Use the rebase utilities to resolve the conflicting dll addresses.
The rebase package is included in the Cygwin setup. Use setup.exe
from <https://cygwin.com/install.html> to install it.
1. kill all perl processes and run
"</bin/find <dir" -xdev -name \*.dll | /bin/rebase -OT ->> or
2. kill all cygwin processes and services, and run setup.exe.
• Miscellaneous
File locking using the "F_GETLK" command to fcntl() is a stub that
returns "ENOSYS".
The Cygwin chroot() implementation has holes (it can not restrict
file access by native Win32 programs).
Inplace editing "perl -i" of files doesn't work without doing a
backup of the file being edited "perl -i.bak" because of windowish
restrictions, therefore Perl adds the suffix ".bak" automatically if
you use "perl -i" without specifying a backup extension.
Prebuilt methods:
"Cwd::cwd"
Returns the current working directory.
"Cygwin::pid_to_winpid"
Translates a cygwin pid to the corresponding Windows pid (which may
or may not be the same).
"Cygwin::winpid_to_pid"
Translates a Windows pid to the corresponding cygwin pid (if any).
"Cygwin::win_to_posix_path"
Translates a Windows path to the corresponding cygwin path
respecting the current mount points. With a second non-null argument
returns an absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be
translated.
"Cygwin::posix_to_win_path"
Translates a cygwin path to the corresponding cygwin path respecting
the current mount points. With a second non-null argument returns an
absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be translated.
Cygwin::mount_table()
Returns an array of [mnt_dir, mnt_fsname, mnt_type, mnt_opts].
perl -e 'for $i (Cygwin::mount_table) {print join(" ",@$i),"\n";}'
/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode,cygexec
/usr/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode
/usr/lib c:\cygwin\lib system binmode
/ c:\cygwin system binmode
/cygdrive/c c: system binmode,noumount
/cygdrive/d d: system binmode,noumount
/cygdrive/e e: system binmode,noumount
"Cygwin::mount_flags"
Returns the mount type and flags for a specified mount point. A
comma-separated string of mntent->mnt_type (always "system" or
"user"), then the mntent->mnt_opts, where the first is always
"binmode" or "textmode".
system|user,binmode|textmode,exec,cygexec,cygdrive,mixed,
notexec,managed,nosuid,devfs,proc,noumount
If the argument is "/cygdrive", then just the volume mount settings,
and the cygdrive mount prefix are returned.
User mounts override system mounts.
$ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/usr/bin"'
system,binmode,cygexec
$ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/cygdrive"'
binmode,cygdrive,/cygdrive
"Cygwin::is_binmount"
Returns true if the given cygwin path is binary mounted, false if
the path is mounted in textmode.
"Cygwin::sync_winenv"
Cygwin does not initialize all original Win32 environment variables.
See the bottom of this page
<https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-env.html> for "Restricted
Win32 environment".
Certain Win32 programs called from cygwin programs might need some
environment variable, such as e.g. ADODB needs %COMMONPROGRAMFILES%.
Call Cygwin::sync_winenv() to copy all Win32 environment variables
to your process and note that cygwin will warn on every encounter of
non-POSIX paths.
INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
This will install Perl, including man pages.
make install 2>&1 | tee log.make-install
NOTE: If "STDERR" is redirected "make install" will not prompt you to
install perl into /usr/bin.
You may need to be Administrator to run "make install". If you are not,
you must have write access to the directories in question.
Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be
found in the INSTALL document.
MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to
Cygwin. These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all
conditional code. Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the
Cygwin port to be kept as clean as possible.
Documentation
INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST
pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod
pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod
pod/perl561delta.pod pod/perl570delta.pod pod/perl572delta.pod
pod/perl573delta.pod pod/perl58delta.pod pod/perl581delta.pod
pod/perl590delta.pod pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod
pod/perltoc.pod Porting/Glossary pod/perlgit.pod
Porting/updateAUTHORS.pl
dist/Cwd/Changes ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/Changes
dist/Time-HiRes/Changes
ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/README ext/Compress-Zlib/Changes
ext/DB_File/Changes ext/Encode/Changes ext/Sys-Syslog/Changes
ext/Win32API-File/Changes
lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Changes lib/ExtUtils/Changes
lib/ExtUtils/NOTES lib/ExtUtils/PATCHING lib/ExtUtils/README
lib/Net/Ping/Changes lib/Test/Harness/Changes
lib/Term/ANSIColor/ChangeLog lib/Term/ANSIColor/README
Build, Configure, Make, Install
cygwin/Makefile.SHs
ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
hints/cygwin.sh
Configure - help finding hints from uname,
shared libperl required for dynamic loading
Makefile.SH Cross/Makefile-cross-SH
- linklibperl
Porting/patchls - cygwin in port list
installman - man pages with :: translated to .
installperl - install dll, install to 'pods'
makedepend.SH - uwinfix
regen_lib.pl - file permissions
plan9/mkfile
vms/descrip_mms.template
win32/Makefile
Tests
t/io/fs.t - no file mode checks if not ntsec
skip rename() check when not
check_case:relaxed
t/io/tell.t - binmode
t/lib/cygwin.t - builtin cygwin function tests
t/op/groups.t - basegroup has ID = 0
t/op/magic.t - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe//
t/op/stat.t - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk
(cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of
file previously created and deleted), no -u
(setuid)
t/op/taint.t - can't use empty path under Cygwin Perl
t/op/time.t - no tzset()
Compiled Perl Source
EXTERN.h - __declspec(dllimport)
XSUB.h - __declspec(dllexport)
cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn, and several
Cygwin:: functions)
perl.c - os_extras, -i.bak
perl.h - binmode
doio.c - win9x can not rename a file when it is open
pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, init
_pwent_struct.pw_comment
util.c - use setenv
util.h - PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE macro
pp.c - Comment about Posix vs IEEE math under
Cygwin
perlio.c - CR/LF mode
perliol.c - Comment about EXTCONST under Cygwin
Compiled Module Source
ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/Makefile.PL
- Can't install via CPAN shell under Cygwin
ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/zlib-src/zutil.h
- Cygwin is Unix-like and has vsnprintf
ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL - Special handling for Win32 Perl under
Cygwin
ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs - tzname defined externally
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c
- EXTCONST needs to be redefined from
EXTERN.h
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c
- binary open
ext/Sys/Syslog/Syslog.xs
- Cygwin has syslog.h
ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/compile.pl
- Convert paths to Windows paths
ext/Time-HiRes/HiRes.xs
- Various timers not available
ext/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL
- Find w32api/windows.h
ext/Win32/Makefile.PL - Use various libraries under Cygwin
ext/Win32/Win32.xs - Child dir and child env under Cygwin
ext/Win32API-File/File.xs
- _open_osfhandle not implemented under
Cygwin
ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.c
- __declspec(dllexport)
Perl Modules/Scripts
ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm - Comment about stderr/stdout order under
Cygwin
ext/Digest-SHA/bin/shasum
- Use binary mode under Cygwin
ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/Win32.pm
- Convert paths to Windows paths
ext/Time-HiRes/HiRes.pm
- Comment about various timers not available
ext/Win32API-File/File.pm
- _open_osfhandle not implemented under
Cygwin
ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.pm
- History of Win32CORE under Cygwin
lib/Cwd.pm - hook to internal Cwd::cwd
lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Platform/cygwin.pm
- use gcc for ld, and link to libperl.dll.a
lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder.pm
- Cygwin is Unix-like
lib/ExtUtils/Install.pm - Install and rename issues under Cygwin
lib/ExtUtils/MM.pm - OS classifications
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Any.pm - Example for Cygwin
lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm
- require MM_Cygwin.pm
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm
- canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
lib/File/Fetch.pm - Comment about quotes using a Cygwin example
lib/File/Find.pm - on remote drives stat() always sets
st_nlink to 1
lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm - case_tolerant
lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc
lib/File/Spec/Win32.pm - References a message on cygwin.com
lib/File/Spec.pm - Pulls in lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm
lib/File/Temp.pm - no directory sticky bit
lib/Module/CoreList.pm - List of all module files and versions
lib/Net/Domain.pm - No domainname command under Cygwin
lib/Net/Netrc.pm - Bypass using stat() under Cygwin
lib/Net/Ping.pm - ECONREFUSED is EAGAIN under Cygwin
lib/Pod/Find.pm - Set 'pods' dir
lib/Pod/Perldoc/ToMan.pm - '-c' switch for pod2man
lib/Pod/Perldoc.pm - Use 'less' pager, and use .exe extension
lib/Term/ANSIColor.pm - Cygwin terminal info
lib/perl5db.pl - use stdin not /dev/tty
utils/perlbug.PL - Add CYGWIN environment variable to report
Perl Module Tests
dist/Cwd/t/cwd.t
ext/Compress-Zlib/t/14gzopen.t
ext/DB_File/t/db-btree.t
ext/DB_File/t/db-hash.t
ext/DB_File/t/db-recno.t
ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t
ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t
ext/GDBM_File/t/gdbm.t
ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
ext/POSIX/t/time.t
ext/SDBM_File/t/sdbm.t
ext/Sys/Syslog/t/syslog.t
ext/Time-HiRes/t/HiRes.t
ext/Win32/t/Unicode.t
ext/Win32API-File/t/file.t
ext/Win32CORE/t/win32core.t
lib/AnyDBM_File.t
lib/Archive/Extract/t/01_Archive-Extract.t
lib/Archive/Tar/t/02_methods.t
lib/ExtUtils/t/Embed.t
lib/ExtUtils/t/eu_command.t
lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Cygwin.t
lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Unix.t
lib/File/Compare.t
lib/File/Copy.t
lib/File/Find/t/find.t
lib/File/Path.t
lib/File/Spec/t/crossplatform.t
lib/File/Spec/t/Spec.t
lib/Net/hostent.t
lib/Net/Ping/t/110_icmp_inst.t
lib/Net/Ping/t/500_ping_icmp.t
lib/Net/t/netrc.t
lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcyg.pod
lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcygo.txt
lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaq.pod
lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaqo.txt
lib/User/grent.t
lib/User/pwent.t
BUGS ON CYGWIN
Support for swapping real and effective user and group IDs is
incomplete. On WinNT Cygwin provides setuid(), seteuid(), setgid() and
setegid(). However, additional Cygwin calls for manipulating WinNT
access tokens and security contexts are required.
AUTHORS
Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>, Eric Fifer <egf7@columbia.edu>,
alexander smishlajev <als@turnhere.com>, Steven Morlock
<newspost@morlock.net>, Sebastien Barre <Sebastien.Barre@utc.fr>, Teun
Burgers <burgers@ecn.nl>, Gerrit P. Haase <gp@familiehaase.de>, Reini
Urban <rurban@cpan.org>, Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>, Jerry D.
Hedden <jdhedden@cpan.org>.
HISTORY
Last updated: 2019-11-14
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